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Društveno-ekonomski aspekti savremenih trendova u razvoju tekstilne industrije
Socio-economic aspects of contemporary trends in the development of the textile industry
Project: Ministarstvo nauke, tehnološkog razvoja i inovacija Republike Srbije (institucija: Univerzitet u Beogradu, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200135)
Abstract
Intenzivan tehničko-tehnološki progres poslednjih decenija uticao je na promenu uslova privređivanja u svim sferama poslovanja i života. Dati uticaj u mnogim oblastima delatnosti bio je veoma pozitivan i doprinosio je unapređenju poslovanja i poboljšanju uslova života. Međutim, vremenom su došle do izražaja i mnogobrojne negativne posledice ubrzanog rasta i razvoja i stalne težnje za sve većim profitom. Date negativne posledice tiču se, pre svega, narušavanja životne sredine, gomilanja otpada, preteranog iscrpljivanja prirodnih resursa, pada kvaliteta života i sl. Čovečanstvo je postalo svesno da ako se nastavi ovakav trend može doći do ugrožavanja ne samo budućeg rasta i razvoja, već i opstanka čovečanstva. Usled toga dolazi do formulisanja novih razvojnih modela i strategija koje bi trebalo da obezbede dugoročan održivi razvoj celokupne ljudske zajednice. Predmet ovoga rada je teorijski prikaz novih održivih razvojnih koncepata i analiza glavnih trendova u pogledu sprovođenja tranzicije tekstilne industrije razvijenih ekonomija i zemalja u razvoju. Tekstilna industrija predstavlja granu privrede koja je značajna za ekonomski rast zemalja širom sveta, naročito u pogledu doprinosa otvaranju novih radnih mesta, unapređenja trgovine i ukupne dodate vrednosti. Brza promena modnih trendova i rast svetske populacije i životnog standarda uticali su na povećanje negativnog uticaja tekstilne industrije na životnu sredinu, među kojima se najčešće ističu intenzivna upotreba prirodnih resursa, stvaranje velike količine otpada i emisija gasova sa efektom staklene bašte. Navedene pozitivne odlike i slabosti uticale su da upravo ova privredna grana bude prepoznata u literaturi i u razvojnim strategijama kao sektor koji ima široke mogućnosti za tranziciju ka održivoj, cirkularnoj i inovativnoj proizvodnji, potrošnji i poslovnim modelima. Cilj rada je da ukaže na ključne strateške pravce razvoja tekstilne industrije tokom poslednje decenije. U radu, primenom odgovarajućih pokazatelja, izvršena je analiza uspešnosti zelene tranzicije tekstilne industrije u zemljama EU i Srbiji. Rezultati analize ukazuju na postojanje odrđenih sličnosti, ali i značajnih razlika između posmatranih zemalja. Takođe, u radu je ukazano i na prepreke koje prate primenu održivih inovacija u tekstilnoj industriji, a čije prevazilaženje je važno za nastavak sprovođenja reformi u pravcu njenog daljeg "ozelenjavanja", odnosno unapređenja njene održivosti i stvaranja ne samo ekonomske, već i društvene i ekološke vrednosti.
Sažetak
The intense technical and technological progress of recent decades has significantly influenced the transformation of economic activities across all sectors of business and everyday life. In many areas, this influence has been markedly positive, contributing to enhanced operational efficiency and improved living standards. However, over time, numerous adverse consequences of rapid growth and development, driven by the relentless pursuit of increased profits, have become increasingly evident. These negative outcomes primarily relate to environmental degradation, the accumulation of waste, the overexploitation of natural resources, and a general decline in quality of life. Humanity has gradually become aware that, if such trends persist, they may jeopardise not only future growth and development but also the very survival of our species. This awareness has prompted the formulation of new developmental models and strategies aimed at securing the long-term sustainable development of the global human community. This paper provides a theoretical overview of contemporary sustainable development concepts, with a particular focus on analysing key trends in the ongoing transition of the textile industry within both developed economies and developing countries. The textile industry represents a vital sector for global economic growth, especially in terms of job creation, trade enhancement, and the generation of overall added value. However, the fast-paced evolution of fashion trends, combined with global population growth and rising living standards, has intensified the environmental impact of the textile sector. Among the most frequently cited concerns are the intensive consumption of natural resources, the generation of vast quantities of waste, and substantial greenhouse gas emissions. These opportunities and challenges have positioned the textile industry as a focal point in both academic literature and developmental strategies, identifying it as a sector with substantial potential for transitioning towards sustainable, circular, and innovative production, consumption, and business models. The primary aim of this paper is to highlight the key strategic directions that have shaped the development of the textile industry over the past decade. By applying relevant indicators, the study analyses the effectiveness of the green transition in the textile industry across EU countries and Serbia. The findings indicate the presence of certain similarities, as well as notable differences, between the countries examined. Furthermore, the paper identifies the key barriers impeding the adoption of sustainable innovations in the textile sector. Overcoming these challenges is essential for ensuring the continued implementation of reforms aimed at further "greening" the industry enhancing its sustainability and generating not only economic, but also social and environmental value.
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