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2024, Saopštenja, str. 43-43
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Efekti fizičkog vežbanja na motoričke sposobnosti dece sa intelektualnim smetnjama - sistematsko pregledno istraživanje
Effects of physical exercise on motor skills of children with intellectual disorders: Systematic review
Univerzitet u Nišu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Srbija
Sažetak
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se na osnovu sistematskog pregleda dosadašnjih istraživanja utvrdi da li i u kojoj meri fizičko vežbanje utiče na motoričke sposobnosti osoba sa intelektualnim invaliditetom. Uzorak ispitanika bile su osobe sa intelektualnim invaliditetom, muškog i ženskog pola ukupno 1203 ispitanika. Kriterijumi za analizu naučnih radova bili su sledeći: vremenski period objavljivanja radova od 2010. do 2020. godine, da su ispitanici osobe sa blagim intelektualnim invaliditetom uzrasta do 18 godina, da su imali određen program vežbanja. U konačnu analizu je na osnovu postavljenih kriterijuma ušlo 14 naučnih radova koji su analizirani i prikazani. Eksperimentalni program vežbanja sastojao se od vežbi za razvoj i poboljšanje ravnoteže, koordinacije, snage, manuelne spretnosti, brzine trčanja i agilnosti. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja, programi koji su imali dužinu trajanja od 8 i više nedelja, sa treninzima u intervalima od 3 do 5 puta nedeljno i trajanju od 20 i više minuta daju pozitivne rezultat u smislu razvoja osnovnih motoričkih karakteristika, brzine, koordinacije, ravnoteže i snage, dok fizička aktivnost generalno pozitivno utiče na razvoj u dečijem uzrastu. Uticaj fizičkog vežbanja kod dece sa normalnim intelektualnim nivoom izraženiji je u odnosu na decu sa smetnjama u razvoju. Značaj ovog istraživanja je u tome što pruža informacije o efektima fizičkog vežbanja na motoričke sposobnosti dece sa intelektualnim smetnjama, pruža informacije o složenosti pristupa planiranja i organizacije fizičke aktivnosti za razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti dece sa dijagnostikovanim intelektualnim invaliditetom.
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine, on the basis of a systematic review of previous research, whether and to what extent physical exercise affects the motor abilities of persons with intellectual disabilities. The sample of respondents were people with intellectual deficits, male and female, a total of 1203 respondents. The criteria for the analysis of the papers were as follows: the time period of publishing the papers from 2010 to 2020, that the respondents were persons with an intellectual deficit. Based on the set criteria, 14 papers were included in the final analysis, which were analyzed and presented. The experimental exercise program consisted of exercises to develop and improve balance, coordination, strength, manual dexterity, running speed, and agility. The results of the research, programs that lasted 8 or more weeks, with trainings at intervals of 3 to 5 times a week and lasted 20 or more minutes give positive results in terms of development of basic motor characteristics, speed, coordination, balance and strength, while physical activity generally has a positive effect on childhood development. The impact of physical exercise in children with a normal intellectual level is more pronounced in relation to children with developmental disabilities. The significance of this research is that it provides information on the effects of physical exercise on the motor abilities of children with intellectual disabilities, provides information on the complexity of the approach to planning and organizing physical activity for the development of motor skills of children with diagnosed intellectual disabilities.
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