The throughput and transport capacities of the railway sections, lines and network are characteristic technical and operational indicators showing the technical and organizational capabilities of the specified elements of railway transport for the realization of the volume of transported work. The report provides an overview of the methods used to determine the throughput on the railway network. The throughput capacity of a specific railway section was analyzed in connection with the ongoing and upcoming works on the implementation of a number of investment projects in the railway infrastructure and implementation of the ERTMS/ETCS system.