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Pravda u digitalnom društvu - pravni okviri za adresiranje etičkih izazova u sajber bezbednosti
Justice in the digital society: Legal frameworks for addressing ethical challenges in cyber security
Abstract
Digitalno društvo je rezultat tehnološkog progresa, ali pored brojnih prednosti koje nudi predstavlja i veliki bezbednosni izazov, pre svega u kibernetskom prostoru. Pored toga što i sama predstavlja izazov za digitalno društvo, sajber bezbednost se suočava sa etičkim izazovima koji prate napore za usklađivanje nadzora s pravom na privatnost, odgovornost za kibernetske incidente i zašitu kritične infrastrukture. Rešavanje ovih izazova zahteva sveoubhvatne i jasne pravne okvire. Ovaj rad istražuje na koji način pravni okviri mogu doprineti pravdi u kontekstu rešavanja ovih izazova, pri čemu težiste stavlja na etičke i društvene implikacije. Cilj rada je da se analizom postojećih međunarodnih i nacionalnih pravnih rešenja uoče njihovi nedostaci i, shodno njihovim obeležjima, predlože poboljšanja koja bi omogućila bolju zaštitu pojedinaca i društva u digitalnom okruženju. Za ostvarenje ovog cilja, uključujući i ocenu efikasnosti pravnih odgovora, primenjen je metodološki okvir koji kombinuje teorijski i praktični pristup, koji su zasnovani na kvalitativnoj analizi najvažnijih pravnih dokumenata i postojećih referenci o etici i politici sajber bezbednosti, kao i na praktičnim analizama stvarnih primera sajber incidenata. Očekivani ishod su preporuke za razvoj pravnih okvira na temeljima pravičnosti - uspostavljanju balansa između bezbednosnih potreba i etičkih principa. Ovakvim balansom bi se unapredilo poverenje građana u digitalne sisteme, a ujedno i ojačala bezbednost digitalnog društva.
Sažetak
Digital society is the result of technological progress, but in addition to the numerous advantages it offers, it also represents a major security challenge, primarily in cyberspace. In addition to being a challenge for the digital society itself, cybersecurity faces ethical challenges that accompany efforts to reconcile surveillance with the right to privacy, accountability for cyber incidents, and the protection of critical infrastructure. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive and clear legal frameworks. This paper explores how legal frameworks can contribute to justice in the context of addressing these challenges, focusing on the ethical and social implications. The goal of the paper is to analyze existing international and national legal solutions to identify their shortcomings and, according to their characteristics, propose improvements that would enable better protection for individuals and societies in the digital environment. To achieve this goal, including the evaluation of the effectiveness of legal responses, a methodological framework was applied that combines a theoretical and practical approach, which is based on a qualitative analysis of the most important legal documents and existing references on ethics and cybersecurity policy, as well as practical analyses of real examples of cyber incidents. The expected outcome is recommendations for the development of legal frameworks based on equity - establishing a balance between security needs and ethical principles. Such a balance would improve citizens' trust in digital systems and, at the same time, strengthen the security of the digital society.
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