2025, Pravni, metodološki i institucionalni okvir zaštite prostora i životne sredine, pp. 67-74
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Neusaglašenost pravnog okvira u oblasti prostornog planiranja i zaštite životne sredine Republike Srbije
Inconsistency of the legal framework in spatial planning and environmental protection of the Republic of Serbia
Abstract
Održivi razvoj, kao vid savremenog pristupa razvoju ima za cilj da ujednači tri dimenzije: ekonomsku, društvenu i ekološku, odnosno zaštiti životnu sredinu. Republika Srbija se kao potpisnica Agende 2030 i država kandidat za članstvo u Evropskoj uniji obavezala da svoje zakonodavstvo uskladi sa globalnim ciljevima održivog razvoja i propisima EU u ovoj oblasti. Glavni instrument preventivnog delovanja u zaštiti životne sredine, procena uticaja na životnu sredinu, u domaćoj regulativi ograničen je nizom neregularnosti i pravnih praznina kojima se prioritizacija ekonomskih aktivnosti ostvaruje na štetu životne sredine. U radu su izneti primeri neusaglašenosti koji pokazuju moguće posledice po ostvarivanje prava na zdravu životnu sredinu garantovano Ustavom Republike Srbije. Nejasno defi nisanje obaveze da se uz dokumentaciju za dobijanje odobrenja za izvođenje radova i realizaciju projekata priloži i saglasnost na studiju o proceni uticaja na životnu sredinu ostavlja prostora za neadekvatnu primenu ovog mehanizma. Procena uticaja na životnu sredinu se obesmišljava i veštačkim razdvajanjem projekta na više manjih, ili izostavljanjem pripremnih radova i aktivnosti koji su ranije već sprovedeni bez procene uticaja, čime se onemogućava procena uticaja na životnu sredinu projekta u celini, kao i defi nisanje odgovarajućih mera zaštite.
Sažetak
Sustainable development, as a type of modern approach to development, aims to equalize three dimensions: economic, social and ecological, to protect the environment. The Republic of Serbia, as a signatory to the 2030 Agenda and a candidate country for membership in the European Union, has undertaken to harmonize its legislation with the global goals of sustainable development and EU regulations in this area. The main instrument of preventive action in environmental protection, environmental impact assessment, in domestic regulations is limited by a series of irregularities and legal loopholes that prioritize economic activities to the detriment of the environment. The paper presents examples of non-compliance that show possible consequences for the realization of the right to a healthy environment guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia. Unclear definition of the obligation to attach the consent to the environmental impact assessment study along with the documentation for obtaining approval for the execution of works and the realization of projects leaves room for inadequate application of this mechanism. The environmental impact assessment is rendered meaningless by artificially dividing the project into several smaller ones, or by omitting preparatory works and activities that were previously carried out without an impact assessment, which makes it impossible to assess the environmental impact of the project as a whole, as well as to define appropriate protection measures.
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