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Incrementalism as the dominant theoretical-methodological approach to planning at the local level in Serbia
Inkrementalizam kao dominantni teorijsko metodološki pristup planiranju na lokalnom nivou u Srbiji
aUniverzitet u Beogradu Geografski fakultet, Katedra za prostorno planiranje, Beograd
bUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Serbia
Abstract
The dichotomy between the rational and incremental models in planning theory is well known, that is their positioning on opposite sides of the spectrum of possible spatial planning approaches. it is also well recognized that the beginnings and the golden era of planning in Serbia and Yugoslavia were closely linked to the rational approach, the pyramid of plans and the systematic and careful separation of planning and project. With the radical change of the system, the planning approach also changed radically. The pyramid of plans collapsed, rational planning, which had by then evolved into strategic planning, remained at the national and regional level, but local planning became what incrementalism truly means: improvisation from case to case or muddling through. The parcel becomes the predominant theme of almost all plans and overtake any thought of a strategic approach to both plan making and public discussions. The main planning topics in public discourse are legalisation, parcelling, expropriation, land use change and location information. Although many experts argue that planning must adapt to the new market and investor-dominated conditions in order to survive, the decline of strategic thinking in spatial development planning, especially at the local level, is a cause for concern. in addition to observations on the current practice of planning at the local level in Serbia, the paper attempts to discuss the possibility that the above-aforementioned incrementalism could evolve into a more advanced form of planning that would be acceptable and less rigid for the public, authorities, and planners alike.
Sažetak
Opšte je poznata dihotomija između racionalnog i inkrementalističkog modela u teoriji planiranja, odnosno njihovo pozicioniranje na suprotnim stranama spektra mogućih pristupa planiranju prostora. Takođe, poznato je da su počeci i zlatna era planiranja u Srbiji i Jugoslaviji usko povezani sa racionalnim pristupom, piramidom planova, sistematičnim i pažljivim razdvajanjem planiranja i projektovanja. Radikalnom promenom sistema došlo je i do radikalne promene pristupa planiranju. Piramida planova je urušena, racionalno planiranje, koje je u međuvremenu evoluiralo u strateško, još uvek se zadržalo na nacionalnom i regionalnom nivou, ali je planiranje na nivou lokalnih samouprava postalo ono što inkrementalizam zaista i znači, improvizacija od slučaja do slučaja, odnosno fi gurativno gacanje po blatu. Parcela je predominantna tema gotovo svih planova i kao kancer jede oko sebe svaku misao na strateški pristup, i prilikom izrade plana i na javnim diskusijama. Glavne teme planiranja u javnom diskursu su legalizacija, preparcelacija, eksproprijacija, konverzija namene i informacija o lokaciji. iako mnogi profesionalci tvrde da se planiranje mora, da bi preživelo, prilagoditi novim uslovima dominacije tržišta i investitora, zabrinjava redukovanje strateškog načina razmišljanja o planskom razvoju prostora, posebno na lokalnom nivou. Pored konstatacija o sadašnjoj praksi planiranja na lokalnom nivou u Srbiji, rad pokušava da diskutuje o mogućnosti da i pomenuti inkrementalizam evoluira u neki napredniji oblik planiranja, koji bi i za javnost, i za vlasti i za planere bio prihvatljiv i manje rigidan.
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