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2025, Extractive Metallurgy and Process Innovations, pp. 235-238
Recovery of copper from a chalcopyrite ore using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) of choline chloride-urea as a leaching agent
(The title is not available in English)
aESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPALM, Ciudad de México, México
bUPIIH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, DESCTI, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, México
cCIITEC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México

emailtjimenezr@ipn.mx, jsanchezv2105@alumno.ipn.mx, alcruzr@ipn.mx, margarciah@ipn.mx, amoralesra@ipn.mx
Keywords: leaching; NADES; waste minimization; copper recovery
Abstract
(not available in English)
Due to the environmental impact caused by using strong acids as leaching agents, research on more environmentally friendly leaching agents has increased over the past decade. In this study, a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) called Reline (ChCl;2Urea) was used as a leaching agent to recover copper from sulfide ore. Variables such as NADES/water weight ratio, pH, and temperature were analyzed to determine the optimal recovery conditions over 4 hours and to allow extrapolation to longer durations. The ores used were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), while the NADES was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that at 25°C, pH = 7, and stirring at 300 rpm, significant copper recovery begins with a 20% NADES-to-water ratio, demonstrating high selectivity for copper over iron. The efficiency of the organic leaching process improves as the values of the three analyzed variables increase, with temperature having the most significant effect. The best recovery conditions were pH = 12, T = 100°C, w = 300 rpm, and 30% NADES, achieving an 11.68% recovery rate. The kinetic data of the leaching process fit the Kröger-Ziegler model, with an activation energy value of 5.8 kcal/mol, demonstrating that the process is controlled by the transport stage. It was observed that at 100°C, from t = 160 min onwards, the process rate increases. This copper recovery process proposal could pave the way for further research into mineral extraction processes using environmentally friendly systems, particularly biodegradable green solvents.

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article language: engleski
document type: izvorni naučni članak
DOI: 10.5937/IOC25235R
published in Portal: 16.10.2025.
Creative Commons License 4.0

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