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Klimatske promene i dobrobit životinja
Climate change and animal welfare
aUniverzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Srbija bNaučni institut za veterinarstvo 'Novi Sad', Novi Sad, Srbija
e-adresa: katarinar@vet.bg.ac.rs
Projekat: Ministarstvo nauke, tehnološkog razvoja i inovacija Republike Srbije (institucija: Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet veterinarske medicine) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200143)
Sažetak
Termin "klimatske promene" se odnosi na porast globalnih temperatura od sredine 20. veka do danas. Klimatske promene predstavljaju veliku pretnju za opstanak mnogih životinjskih vrsta, ekosistema i održivosti sistema stočarske proizvodnje na globalnom nivou. Klimatske promene mogu imati negativan uticaj na dobrobit životinja. Širom sveta, ljudi, životinje i ekosistem doživljavaju globalno zagrevanje i ekstremne vremenske prilike, opadajući kvalitet vazduha, pojavu novih parazita i patogenih mikorganizama i njihov prošireni raspon, gubitak staništa, šumske požare i smanjenu bezbednost hrane i vode. Kućni ljubimci, sportske životinje, farmske životinje i divlje životinje na prirodnim staništima mogu biti direktno i indirektno pogođeni klimatskim promenama. U intenzivnim poljoprivrednim sistemima, ekstremni vremenski događaji kao što su poplave, toplotni talasi i šumski požari često ostavljaju životinje zarobljene u nesigurnim uslovima koji pate od dehidracije, gladi ili smrti. Pored toga, stres i prenatrpanost životinja u intenzivnim sistemima gajenja povećavaju rizik od izbijanja zoonoza, ugrožavajući javno zdravlje i bezbednost hrane. Potrošači sve više zahtevaju humane i održive prakse u prehrambenoj industriji, prepoznajući vezu između dobrobiti životinja, održivosti životne sredine i sopstvenog blagostanja. Ljudi i životinje se moraju suočiti i prilagoditi neizbežnim promenljivim obrascima i stopama morbiditeta, mortaliteta i produktivnosti.
Abstract
The term "climate change" refers to the increase in global temperatures from the middle of the 20th century to the present day. Climate change represents a major threat to the survival of many animal species, ecosystems and the sustainability of livestock production systems on a global scale. Climate change can have a negative impact on animal welfare. Around the world, people, animals and ecosystems are experiencing global warming and extreme weather, declining air quality, emergence of new parasites and pathogenic mycoorganisms and their expanded range, habitat loss, forest fires and reduced food and water security. Companion animals, farm animals, animals in sport, and wildlife can be directly and indirectly affected by climate change. In intensive farming systems, extreme weather events such as floods, heat waves and forest fires often leave animals trapped in precarious conditions suffering from dehydration, starvation or death. In addition, the stress and overcrowding of animals in intensive farms increases the risk of zoonotic outbreaks, endangering both public health and food safety. Consumers are increasingly demanding humane and sustainable practices in the food industry, recognizing the connection between animal welfare, environmental sustainability and their own well-being. Humans and animals must face and adapt to the inevitable changing patterns and rates of morbidity, mortality, and productivity.
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