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Manje je više, ali za koga - deregulacija u urbanističkom planiranju u Srbiji
Less is more, but for whom: Deregulation in urban planning in Serbia
Abstract
Brojni teoretičari savremenog urbanog razvoja (Nil Brener, Dejvid Harvi, Piter Markuze) ukazuju na to da su privatizacija i deregulacija među ključnim karakteristikama neoliberalnog urbanizma koji vodi sve intenzivnijim prostornim nejednakostima i neravnomernom razvoju gradova. Bez obzira na to što možemo govoriti o tome kao globalnom fenomenu, on ima i svoje lokalne specifičnosti. U ovom radu želimo da ukažemo na neke od mogućih indikatora de facto deregulacije prostornog razvoja gradova u Srbiji - rastući udeo privatnih aktera i smanjenje učešća javnosti u procesu planiranja - koji mogu predstavljati opasnost po javni interes kao centralni motiv tog razvoja. Kroz kvantitativnu analizu, u kojoj su evidentirani urbanistički planovi i projekti na teritoriji Beograda, u procesu izrade tokom 2021, 2022. i 2023. godine, pokazaćemo da postoji tendencija povećanja udela privatnog sektora u naručivanju i izradi urbanisitčkih planova i projekata, ali i da postoji jasna tendencija premeštanja planiranja, kao strateške delatnosti, sa planova na projekte, što ne samo da partikularizuje planiranje, već i direktno umanjuje stepen učešća građana, s obzirom na različite zakonski određene uslove participacije za ova dva formata. Ovo za rezultat ima postepeno izlaženje urbanisitčkog planiranja iz sfere javne kontrole i rastući pritisak interesa kapitala, što posledično može voditi ka smanjenju zaštite i afi rmacije javnog interesa u planovima.
Sažetak
Contemporary urban theorists (such as Neil Brenner, David Harvey, and Peter Marcuse) point out that privatization and deregulation are among the key characteristics of neoliberal urbanism, leading to increasing spatial inequalities and uneven development of cities. Despite being a global phenomenon, it also exhibits its own local specifi cities. In this paper, we aim to highlight some possible indicators of the de facto deregulation of urban development in Serbia - the increasing share of private actors and the decreasing public participation in the planning process - which may pose a threat to the public interest as the central motive of this development. Through quantitative analysis, which documents urban plans and projects on the territory of Belgrade during the years 2021-2023, we will show that there is a concerning tendency towards an increased involvement of the private sector in commissioning and drafting urban plans and projects. We will also provide evidence of a tendency to shift planning as a strategic activity from plans to projects. This not only particularizes planning but also directly reduces the level of public participation due to the different legally defined conditions for participation in these two formats. Both trends result in urban planning being gradually removed from public control and increasingly pressured to serve private capital interests, consequently leading to a decrease in the protection and promotion of the public interest in planning.
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