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Geografska nauka na bivšem jugoslovenskom prostoru i kongresi slovenskih geografa i etnografa (1924-1936)
Geographical science in the former Yugoslav territory and the congresses of the Slavic geographers and ethnographers (1924-1936)
Ključne reči: geografija; bivši jugoslovenski prostor; Kongresi; slovenski geografi i etnografi
Keywords: geography; former Yugoslav territory; Congresses; Slavic geographers and ethnographers
Sažetak
Geografska nauka na bivšem jugoslovenskom prostoru započinje razvoj krajem 19. veka. U tom periodu, pri vodećim univerzitetskim centrima se uspostavljaju prvi departmani za geografiju i strukovna udruženja (geografska društva). Početkom 20. veka pokreću se i prvi geografski časopisi, među kojima je sa najdužom tradicijom Glasnik Srpskog geografskog društva (1912). Međutim, brojne istorijsko-političke okolnosti, pre svega Prvi svetski rat, zaustavljaju dalji napredak u razvoju ove nauke. Ipak, završetak Velikog rata, osim stvaranja jedinstvene države (Kraljevina SHS), donosi novu etapu u realizaciji nastavno-naučnog rada. Nova uloga i zadaci geografije su zahtevali razmenu iskustava i međunarodnu saradnju. Kao prvi korak u tom pravcu, ističe se organizacija Prvog kongresa slovenskih geografa i etnografa u Pragu 1924. godine. Nakon smrti Jovana Cvijića, održana su još tri Kongresa, u Republici Poljskoj (1927), Kraljevini Jugoslaviji (1930) i Kraljevini Bugarskoj (1936). Svi kongresi su osim naučnog imali i društveno-politički značaj izražen kroz podršku zvaničnih vlasti. Stoga, cilj ovog rada jeste analiza učešća i diskursa predstavnika naučne zajednice iz Kraljevine SHS (Jugoslavije) u prilikama međuratnog perioda. Rezultati su pokazali da je u naučnom radu akcenat bio na fizičko-geografskim, kartografskim i etnološkim istraživanjima. Istovremeno, u potpunosti su zanemarena demografska istraživanja, kao i geo(političke) i ekonomsko-geografske teme (agrarna, industrijska i sl.) proistekle iz Cvijićeve antropogeografske škole. Pomenuti skupovi su i pored brojnih nedostataka doprineli objedinjavanju naučne zajednice i promociji geografije u slovenskim zemljama. Takođe, oni su predstavljali polaznu osnovu za nova istraživanja i organizaciju naučnog rada u decenijama nakon Drugog svetskog rata, kako na jugoslovenskom prostoru, tako i u široj međunarodnoj naučnoj zajednici.
Abstract
Geographical science on the territory of former Yugoslavia began to develop at the end of the 19th century. In that period, the first geography departments and professional associations, as well as geographical societies, were established at the leading university centers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the first geographical journals were launched, among which the Bulletin of the Serbian Geographical Society (1912) has the longest tradition. However, numerous historical and political circumstances, primarily the First World War, stopped further progress in this field. Nevertheless, the end of the Great War, apart from the creation of a single state (the Kingdom of SCS), brought a new stage in the realization of teaching and scientific work. New tasks and roles of geography required the exchange of experiences and international cooperation. As a first step in that direction, the organization of the First Congress of the Slavic Geographers and Ethnographers in Prague in 1924 stands out. After the death of Jovan Cvijić, three more Congresses were held in Poland (1927), the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1930), and the Kingdom of Bulgaria (1936). All the congresses, apart from their scientific value, also had socio-political significance expressed through the support of the official authorities. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the participation and discourse of the representatives of the scientific community from the Kingdom of SCS (Yugoslavia) in the circumstances of the interwar period. The results showed that in the scientific work, the emphasis was on physical-geographic, cartographic, and ethnological research. At the same time, demographic research, as well as geo(political) and economic-geographic topics (agricultural, industrial, etc.) stemming from Cvijić's anthropogeographical school, were completely neglected. Despite numerous shortcomings, the mentioned meetings contributed to the unification of the scientific community and the promotion of geography in the Slavic countries. Also, they represented the starting point for new research and the organization of scientific work in the decades after the Second World War, both on the territory of Yugoslavia and in the wider international scientific community.
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