The energy transition is a process that requires a comprehensive transformation, first of all, of the economy and society, which necessarily aims at achieving a very significant reduction of the negative anthropogenic impact, primarily of the energy sector, on nature, the living and working environment. Special attention is paid to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The process of energy transition requires first of all the use of new technologies, procedures and materials, which rely on innovation, digitization, digital integration and smart management of energy processes using artificial intelligence. Investments of significant material resources, resources of another kind and a change of consciousness of all subjects in the energy sector, but also in society as a whole, are needed. New geopolitical circumstances in the first half of the 21st century indicate that, in addition to goals such as: energy transition and improvement of the state and system of environmental protection, improvement of energy security, achieving energy independence and economic sustainability, the most important goals of the energy policy of the Republic of Serbia remain.