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Izazovi u regulisanju i identifikaciji deepfake sadržaja
Challenges in regulating and identifying deepfake content
Sažetak
Savremeni razvoj digitalnih tehnologija donosi brojne prednosti za svakodnevni život čoveka, otvarajući nove mogućnosti, proširujući i olakšavajući postojeće. Zahvaljujući tome unapređuje se ispunjavanje i privatnih i profesionalnih obaveza na načine koji dovode do povećanja efikasnosti i produktivnosti u radu. Dostupnost digitalnim bazama podataka i raspoloživost naprednih digitalnih alata i tehnika, olakšava naučna istraživanja. Postojanje pristupačnih onlajn platformi doprinosi razmeni ideja i iskustava, osavremenjavanju proizvodnih procesa, pozitivnoj transformaciji industrije zdravstvene zaštite, te napretku nauke u celini. Nažalost, istovremeno uz doprinos razvoju društva u svim segmentima života, otvaraju se i novi prostori za brojne zloupotrebe. S tim u vezi, obim i intenzitet razvoja digitalnih tehnologija umnožavaju postojeće moralne i bezbednosne izazove, proizvodeći istovremeno i nove. Tome značajno doprinosi neadekvatan razvoj odgovarajućih regulatornih odgovora. Izazovi regulisanja i identifikovanja zloupotreba digitalnih tehnologija su naročito izraženi sa razvojem veštačke inteligencije, čijim tehnikama su mogućnosti generisanja lažnih audio i video zapisa, kao i slika, povećane do neslućenih granica. Imajući to u vidu, naš cilj u ovom radu jeste da ukažemo na glavne bezbednosne izazove koje proizvodi tehnologija stvaranja deepfake sadržaja i, u skladu sa tim na ključne regulatorne izazove, kako u nacionalnim tako i u međunarodnim okvirima. Primenom metoda analize sadržaja, indukcije i dedukcije došli smo do zaključka da ukupna moć suprotstavljanja zloupotrebi i kriminalizaciji deepfake tehnologije, zahteva dinamičan razvoj alata za njihovu identifikaciju, uspostavljanje odgovarajućih poslovnih standarda, razvijanje strategija suprotstavljanja, kao i hitno unapređivanje postojećih regulatornih okvira, ne isključujući potrebu za usvajanje i celovitih novih zakonskih rešenja.
Abstract
The modern development of digital technologies brings numerous advantages to a person's everyday life, opening up new opportunities, expanding and facilitating existing ones. Thanks to this, the fulfilment of both private and professional obligations is improved in ways that lead to increased efficiency and productivity at work. The availability of digital databases and the availability of advanced digital tools and techniques facilitate scientific research. The existence of accessible online platforms contributes to the exchange of ideas and experiences, modernization of production processes, positive transformation of the health care industry, and progress of science as a whole. Unfortunately, simultaneously to contributing to the development of society in all segments of life, new areas for numerous abuses are opening up. In this regard, the scope and intensity of the development of digital technologies multiply the existing moral and security challenges while producing new ones at the same time. The inadequate development of appropriate regulatory responses significantly contributes to this. The challenges in regulating and identifying abuses of digital technologies have been particularly pronounced with the development of artificial intelligence, whose techniques have increased the possibilities of generating fake audio and video recordings, as well as images, to unimaginable limits. Having that in mind, our goal in this paper is to point out the main security challenges produced by the technology of creating deepfake content and, accordingly, the key regulatory challenges, both in national and international frameworks. Applying the methods of content analysis, induction and deduction we have come to a conclusion that the overall power of opposing the abuse and criminalization of deepfake techniques requires dynamic development of tools for their identification, establishment of appropriate business standards, development of protection strategies, as well as urgent improvement of the existing regulatory frameworks, not excluding the need to adopt completely new legal solutions.
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