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Implementacija SDGS-a u tekstilnom sektoru u Albaniji za održivi, zeleni i konkurentni sektor u regionu
Implementation of SDGS in the textile sector in Albania for a sustainable, green and competitive sector in the region
Polytechnic University of Tirana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tirana, Albania
email: eshehi@fim.edu.al
Abstract
Sektor tekstila i odeće u Albaniji ima dugu tradiciju kao jedna od najvažnijih industrija koja doprinosi albanskom BDP-u i postigao je dobre rezultate u izvozu, investicijama i zapošljavanju. 72 odsto preduzeća u sektoru su u vlasništvu Albanaca, dok samo 8 odsto ima zajedničko vlasništvo albanskih i stranih investitora. Zajednička preduzeća su jedina koja su se povećala u broju, za 13,7 odsto od 2020. do 2021. godine, uprkos trendu smanjenja ukupnog broja preduzeća u poslednje dve godine. Većina proizvodnih preduzeća u sektoru proizvodnje odeće i obuće ne može da kupuje sirovine od dobavljača niti da dizajnira proizvode. Neka od preduzeća ulažu napore da unaprede svoj poslovni model, ali je to još uvek veoma ograničeno. Neki nalazi istraživanja pokazuju da ovaj sektor ima mnogo neiskorišćenih mogućnosti koje bi dodale više vrednosti proizvodnom lancu. Pošto se sektor u velikoj meri oslanja na narudžbine sa italijanskog tržišta, dobavljači ugovora imaju skoro potpunu kontrolu nad cenama, maržama, vremenom i prodajom. CMT poslovni model ostavlja malo prostora za nabavku lokalno proizvedenih inputa koji bi mogli dodatno stimulisati lokalnu ekonomiju. Promene napravljene u anketi o korporativnim vlaknima i materijalima ove godine znače da Tektile Ekchange sada može pažljivije da prati i izveštava o napretku SDG-a. Sa 169 ciljeva koje treba ispuniti do 2030. godine i preko 232 indikatora za merenje napretka na nivou zemlje, Globalni ciljevi su dizajnirani da stimulišu pozitivne rezultate za ljude, planetu, prosperitet, mir i partnerstva.
Sažetak
Textile and apparel sector of Albania has a long tradition as one of the most important industries contributing to Albania's GDP and it has made good results in exports, investments, and employment. 72 per cent of enterprises in the sector are owned by Albanians, while only 8 per cent have joint ownership of Albanian and foreign investors. The jointly owned enterprises are the only ones that increased in number, by 13.7 per cent from 2020 to 2021, despite the declining trend in the total number of enterprises within the past two years. Most manufacturing enterprises in garment and footwear manufacturing sector cannot purchase raw materials from suppliers or design the products. Some of the enterprises make efforts in upgrading their business model but this is still very limited. Some survey findings indicate that this sector has many unexploited opportunities that would add more value to the production chain. As the sector is heavily reliant on orders from the Italian market, contract providers have almost full control of pricing, margins, timing, and sales. The CMT business model leaves little room for sourcing locally produced inputs that might further stimulate the local economy. The changes made to the Corporate Fiber & Materials Benchmark survey this year means Textile Exchange can now more closely monitor and report SDG progress. With 169 targets to be met by 2030, and over 232 indicators for measuring progress at country-level, the Global Goals were designed to stimulate positive outcomes for people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnerships.
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