2024 I, I Perspektive planiranja, uređenja i zaštite prostora, str. 406-411
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Prostorno planiranje i politička moć
Spatial planning and political power
Sažetak
Ovaj esej je posvećen staroj temi o uticaju politike na prostorno planiranje. Planiranje je uvek bilo i jeste instrument državne politike u prostoru, i kao takvo, neminovno je povezano sa ideologijama, interesima i prioritetima političkih struktura (bar sa onima koje iste imaju ili se prave da ih imaju). U okolnostima brzo menjajućih političkih parametara, kako u Srbiji, tako i u svetu oko nas, planiranje sve teže drži korak, posebno kada je reč o dugoročnosti i relativnoj stabilnosti politike u prostoru, što je preduslov dobrog planiranja uopšte. Tome, svakako, ne doprinose konstatacije da je tržište bitnije od plana i da u neoliberalnom konceptu prostorno planiranje ne sme da postane tzv. biznis barijera. Kao posledica izraženog interesa političke moći u prostoru u Srbiji u prve dve dekade 21. veka, javila se prekomerna politizacija planiranja. Dovoljno je pomenuti skorije primere prostornih planova područja posebne namene za Beograd na vodi, Rio Tinto, pa i Prostorni plan Republike Srbije, nezavisno od kvaliteta planskih rešenja. Planiranje se u javnom diskursu često opisuje kao riskantno, nemoguće, impotentno, maliciozno, pa čak i neustavno. Sa druge strane, ima mišljenja da je prostorno planiranje i živo i zdravo i da se odvija u skladu sa okolnostima. Teza koja će biti razrađena dalje u radu je da prostorno planiranje kako bi ostalo efektivno u promenljivom političkom okruženju, mora neminovno da postane više pragmatično i mora, što nije novina, da ponekad kvalitetom planskih rešenja spasava prostor od političkih vizija.
Abstract
This essay is dedicated to the old topic of the influence of politics on spatial planning. Planning is and has always been a state policy instrument in space and as such it is inevitably linked to the ideologies, interests and priorities of political structures. Under the circumstances of rapidly changing political parameters, both in Serbia and in the world, it is becoming increasingly difficult for planning to keep pace, especially when it comes to the long-term and relative stability of politics in space, which is a requirement for good planning in general. This is certainly not helped by the statements that the market is more important than the plan and that in the neoliberal concept spatial planning must not become a so-called business barrier. As a result of the explicit interest of political power in spatial development in Serbia in the first two decades of the 21st century, there has been an excessive politicisation of planning. It is enough to mention the recent examples of spatial plans for special purpose areas for the Belgrade Waterfront, Rio Tinto and the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, regardless of the quality of the planning solutions. In public discourse, planning is often labelled as risky, impossible, impotent, malicious and even unconstitutional. On the other hand, there is an opinion that spatial planning is alive and well and that it takes place according to the circumstances. The hypothesis that is further developed in the essay is that in order to remain effective in a changing political environment, spatial planning must become more pragmatic and, what is not new, must sometimes save space from political visions with the quality of planning solutions.
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