2024 I, I Perspektive planiranja, uređenja i zaštite prostora, str. 327-335
|
|
Prostorne razlike u produktivnosti - analiza na nivou NUTS 3 oblasti u Srbiji
Regional disparities in productivity: Evidence from NUTS 3 level in Serbia
Ključne reči: regionalne razlike/nejednakosti; produktivnost; DEA metoda NUTS 3; Srbija
Keywords: DEA; regional disparities/inequalities; productivity; NUTS 3; Serbia
Sažetak
Neravnomeran regionalni razvoj je jedan od najvećih savremenih izazova u Srbiji. Regionalne razlike u Srbiji su među najvećima u Evropi, pri čemu ih karakteriše izrazita slojevitost i višedimenzionalnost. Postojeće prostorne nejednakosti nisu samo one tradicionalnog tipa "Sever - Jug" i Beograd/Novi Sad u odnosu na ostatak države, već su prisutne i velike razlike unutar regiona (NUTS 2), sa tendencijom njihovog povećavanja. Uprkos svim ovim razvojnim izazovima, pitanjem regionalnih dispariteta u produktivnosti naučna i stručna javnost u Srbiji se do sada gotovo uopšte nije bavila. Predmet ovog rada je analiza regionalnih nejednakosti u produktivnosti u Srbiji, na nivou NUTS 3 oblasti (subregioni). Ciljevi rada su: ispitivanje efikasnosti korišćenja potencijala raspoloživih faktora proizvodnje, utvrđivanje stepena nejednakosti u produktivnosti rada i rangiranje NUTS 3 oblasti prema tom kriterijumu. Postavljene hipoteze su testirane primenom metode analize omeđenih podataka (DEA) i utvrđivanjem koeficijenta efikasnosti, pri čemu su kao ulazni indikatori korišćeni: obrazovna struktura radne snage, udeo investicija u bruto dodatoj vrednosti (stopa investicija) i zaposlenost i stopa otvaranja novih preduzeća, dok se izlazni ishod merio pomoću odnosa bruto dodate vrednosti (BDV) i broja zaposlenih (aproksimacija za produktivnost rada). Dobijeni rezultati jasno ukazuju na razlike u nivou korišćenosti razvojnih potencijala na nivou posmatranih teritorijalnih celina. Ovi rezultati mogu biti korisni kako za utvrđivanje osnovnih pravaca budućih razvojnih i regionalnih politika, tako i kao argument za razmatranje teritorijalne reorganizacije na nivou oblasti u Srbiji.
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in Serbia today is uneven regional development. Serbian regional disparities are among the largest in Europe, characterized by distinct stratification and multidimensionality. The existing spatial inequalities are not only those of the traditional type "North - South" and Belgrade/Novi Sad in relation to the rest of the country, but there are also large increasing differences within the region (NUTS 2 level). However, despite all these development challenges, the issue of regional disparities in productivity has been hardly investigated by the scientific and professional public in Serbia. This paper intended to analyse the level of Serbian regional inequalities in productivity within the NUTS 3 areas (subregions). The goals of the research are: the investigation of the effectively usage of the production factors potential at the subregion level (primarily labor force), the determination of inequality degree in labor productivity, and ranking of the NUTS 3 areas according to that criteria. Hypotheses were tested using the data envelopment analysis method (DEA) and the efficiency coefficient, where the educational structure of the workforce, the share of investments in gross added value (investment rate), employment and the rate of opening new businesses were used as input indicators, while the output outcome was measured using ratio of gross value added (GVA) and the number of employees (approximation for labor productivity). The obtained results clearly indicate differences in the level of development potentials utilization within the observed territorial entities. These results can be used both for determining the basic directions of future development and regional policies, as well as an argument for considering territorial reorganization at the subregions level in Serbia.
|