2025, Adaptacija (i mitigacija) na klimatske promene u kreiranju prostora, pp. 221-229
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Integralno prostorno planiranje u funkciji sistemskog rešavanja problema zaštite klime u Srbiji
Integrated spatial planning in function of systems approach to solving of the problem of climate protection in Serbia
Abstract
Klimatske promene su jedan od najozbiljnijih izazova sa kojima se suočava savremeni svet. Porast prosečnih temperatura, intenziviranje ekstremnih vremenskih događaja i s njima povezana učestalost prirodnih nepogoda kao što su uragani, suše, povodnji - to su samo neke od posledica globalnog zagrevanja. Smatra se da je glavni uzrok globalnog zagrevanja emisija gasova sa efektom staklene bašte (GHG), i da su te emisije antropogenog porekla. Stoga postaje neophodno koristiti sve postojeće prostorno planerske instrumente, kako bi se smanjila emisija tih gasova, ali još je važnije prilagoditi se klimatskim promenama na lokalnom nivou, kako bi se smanjile smetnje i negativni efekti na čoveka, životnu sredinu i efi kasnost ekonomskih delatnosti. Pretnje koje proizilaze iz klimatskih promena su snažno geografski uslovljene. Srbija je zemlja sa velikom regionalnom raznolikošću životne sredine, tako da vrste i obim pretnji povezanih sa klimatskim promenama variraju u zavisnosti od lokacije, regionalnih klimatskih uslova i veličine i prostorne strukture gradova, što zahteva geografski diferenciran i koordinisan pristup prostornom planiranju. Borba sa klimatskim promenama se vodi kroz dva komplementarna pristupa. Jedan je proces mitigacije odnosno ublažavanja, a drugi je adaptacija odnosno prilagođavanje na izmenjene klimatske uslove. Proces mitigacije obično se smatra globalnim i dugoročnim merama zaštite klime, dok proces adaptacije podrazumeva mere i aktivnosti koje treba sprovesti uzimajući u obzir već izmenjene uslove i projekcije budućih promena. Mere i instrumenti prostornog planiranja imaju važnu ulogu u oba pristupa.
Sažetak
Climate change is one of the most serious challenges facing the modern world. The increase in average temperatures, the intensification of extreme weather events and the associated frequency of natural disasters such as hurricanes, droughts, floods - these are just some of the consequences of global warming. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are thought to be the main cause of global warming, and these emissions are of anthropogenic origin. Therefore, it becomes necessary to use all existing spatial planning instruments in order to reduce the emission of these gases, but it is even more important to adapt to climate change at the local level, in order to reduce disturbances and negative effects on people, the environment and the efficiency of economic activities. The risks posed by climate change are highly geographically determined. Serbia is a country with a high regional diversity of the environment, so the types and extent of threats related to climate change vary depending on the location, regional climatic conditions and the size and spatial structure of cities, which requires a geographically differentiated and coordinated approach to spatial planning. The fight against climate change is based on two complementary approaches. One is the process of mitigation or mitigation, and the other is adaptation to changed climatic conditions. The mitigation process is usually considered to be global and long-term climate protection measures, while the adaptation process involves measures and activities that need to be carried out taking into account already changed conditions and projections of future changes. Spatial planning measures and instruments play an important role in both approaches.
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