Background: Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is "a multidisciplinary process that uses explicit methods to determine the value of a health technology at different points in its lifecycle. Its' purpose is to inform decision-making in order to promote an equitable, efficient, and high-quality health system" Methods and Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the place and role of HTA in the decision-making process in healthcare in the Republic of Serbia. To achieve this goal we performed pragmatic, nonsystematic literature review based on analysis of available documents Results: Since the adoption of the Rulebook on conditions and methods of health technology assessment in 2020, a total of 16 requests were officially submitted, for which the Ministry of Health requested the assessment performed by Institute of public health of Serbia. By the Healthcare law, the aim of the assessment is to have a basis for issuing a license for the use of new technology, but not to reimburse it. The fact of issuing license for use leads the assessment role more to the inspection direction. Furthermore, about a half of those requests were submitted by license holders for medical devices or private practices for the procedures, and the majority of those requests relate to technologies that, according to the literature review, are in the experimental phase of research and/or in the majority of countries that considered reimbursement, they were rejected for regular use due to the lack of evidence of effectiveness and/or or for arguable safety reasons. Conclusions: Since the function of HTA is exclusively to help the policymakers to use health resources in the most cost-effective way, there is necessity of formulation transitional documents to define the role and place of HTA as well as the assignments of MoH and NHIF related to the final decision of financing the new health technology. To have an impact of HTA implementation on the healthcare system there is need to face the challenges such as full dedication to HTA, the number of qualified human resources, trainings etc.