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Emigracione namere stanovnika grada Zaječara kroz perspektivu migrantskih mreža
Emigration intentions of the residents of the city of Zaječar through the perspective of migrant networks
Sažetak
Prostor istočne Srbije se od sredine šezdesetih godina prošlog veka suočava sa procesom intenzivnog odseljavanja stanovništva. Tokom procesa emigracija stvaraju se društvene migrantske mreže između zemlje porekla migranata i država njihove destinacije. Kako mreže imaju ključnu ulogu u oblikovanju migracionih odluka i iskustava, veoma je značajno ispitati njihovu ulogu i značaj u Republici Srbiji, a pre svega u njenim emigracionim zonama. Kako istočni deo Srbije (Braničevska i Zaječarska oblast) pripada najstarijoj emigracionoj zoni, veoma je značajno utvrditi na koji način su se mreže formirale, njihovu evoluciju i transformaciju, ali u prvom redu uticaj na stavove i namere stanovništva ovog dela Srbije o migracijama. Rad je baziran na rezultatima terenskog istraživanja sprovedenog 2019. godine u kojem su istraživani različiti aspekti migracionih fenomena, kao i uloga migrantskih mreža odnosno porodice, prijatelja i poznanika u inostranstvu u privlačenju novih doseljenika. U istraživanju su primenjene metode fokus grupnog istraživanja, polustrukturisanih intervjua, kao i terenskih opservacija na urbanom i ruralnom prostoru Grada Zaječara. Rezultati su pokazali da migrantske mreže oblikuju odluke o migraciji i njene ishode, a njihova uloga je uglavnom od ključnog značaja u donošenju odluke o migraciji, jer predstavljaju najbolji i najbrži put za dobijanje informacija o potencijalnoj državi destinacije, mogućnostima za zaposlenje, ali i u finansijskoj podršci po dolasku. Proučavanje migracionih mreža u Srbiji, kroz poređenje sa u drugim državama, usloviće bolje razumevanje ovog fenomena, uticaj na buduće odluke o migraciji, kao i značajnije povezivanje lokalne samouprave i dijaspore u funkciji razvoja.
Abstract
Since the mid-sixties of the last century, the area of Eastern Serbia has been facing a process of intensive emigration of the population. During the process of emigration, social migrant networks are created between the countries of origin of the migrants and the countries of their destination. As networks play a key role in shaping migration decisions and experiences, it is very important to examine their role and importance in the Republic of Serbia, and above all in its emigration zones. As the eastern part of Serbia (Braničevo and Zaječar regions) belongs to the oldest emigration zone, it is very important to determine how the networks were formed, their evolution and transformation, but first of all the influence on the attitudes and intentions of the population of this part of Serbia regarding migration. The work is based on the results of field research conducted in 2019, which investigated various aspects of migration phenomena, as well as the role of migrant networks, i.e. family, friends and acquaintances abroad in attracting new immigrants. In the research, the methods of focus group interviews , semi-structured interviews, as well as field observations in the urban and rural areas of the City of Zaječar were applied. The results showed that migrant networks shape decisions about migration and its outcomes, and their role is most often of key importance in making the decision about migration, because they represent the best and fastest way to obtain information about the potential country of destination, employment opportunities, but also in financial support upon arrival. The study of migration networks in Serbia, through comparison with other countries, will lead to a better understanding of this phenomenon, influence on future decisions on migration, as well as a more significant connection between local self-government and the diaspora in the function of development.
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