Background: According to World Health Organization one-third of the total population lack access to essential medicines. Also, the biggest driver of catastrophic health spending is usually medicine. Eff orts to reduce fi nancial hardship should prioritize improving drug aff ordability. In the Republic of Serbia, the right to medicines includes the right to medicines from the List of medicines at the expense of compulsory health insurance funds. Extraordinarily, the insured person can be provided with a medicine that is not on the List of Medicines. Methods and Objectives: Th e paper uses a descriptive analysis of the available data (data source National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF)) related to exercising the right to medicines on diff erent grounds, including a comparative analysis of the obtained results by time intervals. Th e aim of the paper is to review the scope and content of the realized rights to medicines in the Republic of Serbia. Results: In the latest revision of the List of medicines there were 2859 medicines under 759 diff erent INN across the various sections of the List. Moreover, in the year 2023, based on the opinion of three doctors of the appropriate specialty, medicines with marketing authorisation but not on the List of reimbursed medicines received a total of 16,559 insured persons, and 16,550 insured persons received medicines with no marketing authorisation in the Republic of Serbia. Th e numbers exceeded the number of treated with medicines that are not on the List even during the peak period (2021) the COVID 19 epidemic (Graph 1). In addition, there are also broad rights that enable insured persons to be provided with medicines of proven effi cacy, which are not on the List of medicine, as well as various ways in which medicines for the treatment of rare diseases (orphan drugs) are made available. Conclusions: Access to medicines is defi ned by the generally wide scope of the right to medicines, which are provided not only from compulsory insurance funds, with the basic aim of satisfying the specifi c priorities defi ned by the Health Care Plan.