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Bezbednost i urbani razvoj Surčina - izazovi izgradnje kompleksa "Expo 2027"
Security and urban development of Surčin: Challenges of building the "Expo 2027" complex
Sažetak
Buduća urbana zona, koja je radi realizacije "Expo 2027" projektovana u Donjem polju katastarske opštine Surčin, pozicionirana je na ranije poljoprivrednom zemljištu. Pema Generalnom urbanističkom projektu Beograda iz 2016. godine, ova lokacija se nalazila u statusu šire sanitarne zone, koja se, sa jedne strane, oslanja na savremeno naselje Surčin, a sa druge, na užu sanitarnu zonu - vodoizvorište Beograda, odnosno tok reke Save. Do sada, oko buduće lokacije "Expo" izgrađeni su savremeni putevi: Obilaznica oko Beograda, Brza saobraćajnica i autoput "Miloš Veliki", a u planu je izgradnja još oko 10 km savremenih bulevara, kao i izgradnja metroa. Povećana frekvencija saobraćaja iziskuje pitanje u vezi sa kvalitetom vazduha na ovoj lokaciji, a ako se lokacija "Expo" posmatra u kontekstu aerozagađenja uočava se da se u neposrednoj blizini sa njene severne strane nalazi aerodrom "Nikola Tesla", a nešto dalje, ka jugozapadu, nalazi se termoelektrana "Nikola Tesla". U geografskom pogledu, lokacija "Expo" je neznatno udaljena od lesne terase Surčina i klizišta Umka i nešto udaljenijeg klizišta Barič, kao i dva otvorena vodotoka - kanala koja su pozicionirana u Donjem polju Surčina: Galovica i Petrac, koji u reku Savu odvode otpadne atmosferske, ali i industrijske i otpadne vode domaćinstava. Uz sve to, "Expo" će biti izgrađen između dva "divlja" naselja: Novi Surčin i nelegalnih objekata izgrađenih u forlandu reke Save. U ovom radu nastoji se doći do odgovora da li i u kojoj meri svi navedeni faktori utiču na bezbednost buduće urbane zone Beograda - "Expo" naselja u Surčinu, odnosno da li se sa urbanizacijom ovog dela Surčina javljaju povećani rizici od eventualnih hazarda i akcidenata. Rad se bavi empirijskim istraživanjem, korišćena je deskriptivna metoda, metoda analize i sinteze i deduktivna metoda.
Abstract
The future urban zone, which was designed for the realization of "Expo 2027" in Donji polje of the cadastral municipality of Surčin, is positioned on former agricultural land. According to the General Urban Plan of Belgrade from 2016, this location was in the status of a wider sanitary zone, which on the one hand relies on the modern settlement of Surčin, and on the other hand on a narrower sanitary zone - the water source of Belgrade, that is, the course of the Sava River. So far, modern roads have been built around the future location of the Expo: Bypass around Belgrade, expressway and highway Miloš Veliki, and the plan is to build another 10 km of modern boulevards, as well as the construction of the subway. The increased frequency of traffic calls for a question regarding air quality at this location, and if the location "Expo" is viewed in the context of air pollution, it can be seen that the airport "Nikola Tesla" is located in the immediate vicinity on its northern side, and a little further, towards In the southwest is the "Nikola Tesla" thermal power plant. Geographically, the Expo location is slightly distant from the loess terrace of Surčina and the Umka landslide and the slightly more distant Barič landslide, as well as two open watercourses - canals located in the Lower Surčina field: Galovica and Petrac, which drain waste into the Sava River. atmospheric as well as industrial and household wastewater. In addition to all that, "Expo" will be built between two "wild" settlements: Novi Surčin and illegal buildings built in the foreland of the Sava River. In this paper, an attempt is made to find an answer to whether and to what extent all the mentioned factors affect the safety of the future urban zone of Belgrade - the "Expo" settlement in Surčin, that is, whether with the urbanization of this part of Surčin there are increased risks of possible hazards and accidents. . The work deals with empirical research, the descriptive method, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the deductive method were used.
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