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Stavovi i profesionalna praksa farmaceuta u zbrinjavanju pacijenata sa anksioznim poremećajem
Pharmacists' attitudes and professional practice in providing care to patients with anxiety disorders
Sažetak
Farmaceuti, kao najdostupniji zdravstveni radnici, imaju važnu ulogu u podršci mentalnom zdravlju. Raste svest o potrebi njihovog aktivnog učešća i većoj odgovornosti u lečenju pacijenata sa anksioznim poremećajima. Cilj istraživanja je da se ispitaju stavovi i percepcije farmaceuta o pružanju farmaceutske zdravstvene zaštite pacijentima sa anksioznošću. Podaci su prikupljeni namenski osmišljenim upitnikom, zasnovanim na srodnim studijama. Za statističku analizu korišćeni su Microsoft Excel i SPSS Statistics, a pouzdanost ankete potvrđena je Cronbach-ovim testom (a = 0,892). Ispitivana je povezanost karakteristika ispitanika (pol, stepen obrazovanja, radni staž) i skorova ostvarenih na različitim pitanjima ankete primenom Mann-Whitney U, odnosno Kruskal-Wallis testa. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 121 diplomiranog farmaceuta (104 žene i 17 muškaraca), prosečne starosti 38,16 ± 10,86 godina i prosečnog staža 12,24 ± 10,72 godina. Većina radi u javnim apotekama (91,74%) i nema poslediplomsko obrazovanje (85,12%). Najveći broj redovno savetuje pacijente o pravilnoj upotrebi lekova (57,02% uvek; 27,27% često) i o rizicima samoinicijativnog prekida terapije (43,8% uvek; 31,4% često). Takođe, 56,2% upućuje pacijente lekaru po potrebi, dok manji deo lično kontaktira lekara (9,92% nikada; 23,97% retko). Približno 23% retko sprovodi rutinsko praćenje pacijenta, a oko 20% ne proverava kontraindikacije redovno. Farmaceuti sa stažom 11-15 godina znatno su spremniji da kontaktiraju lekara nego oni sa 1-5 godina staža, što nije uočeno za ostale kategorije (6-11, 16-20, >20 godina). Rezultati pokazuju da faktori pol i stepen obrazovanja ne utiču značajno na sproveđenje aktivnosti farmaceuta. Uočeni efekat radnog staža na ishode, u pojedinim podgrupama zahteva dalja istraživanja sa ciljem utvrđivanja da li je potrebna veća podrška mlađim farmaceutima u interprofesionalnoj komunikaciji.
Abstract
Pharmacists, as the most accessible healthcare professionals, play a key role in supporting mental health. Recognition of the importance of their active involvement in treating patients with anxiety disorders is increasing. This study aimed to examine pharmacists' attitudes and perceptions regarding the provision of pharmaceutical care to patients with anxiety. Data were collected using a specially designed questionnaire adapted from related studies. Statistical analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics. Survey reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's Alpha (a = 0.892). Associations between respondents' characteristics (gender, work experience, education level) and scores on individual survey items were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test. The sample consisted of 104 women and 17 men, with a mean age of 38.16 ± 10.86 years and a mean work experience of 12.24 ± 10.72 years. Most work in community pharmacies (91.74%) and lack postgraduate education (85.12%). The majority reported regularly advising patients on the appropriate use of medication (57.02% always; 27.27% often) and on the risks of self-discontinuing therapy (43.8% always; 31.4% frequently). In addition, 56.2% always refer patients to a physician when necessary, while fewer personally contact physicians (9.92% never; 23.97% rarely). About 23% seldom conduct patient follow-up, and roughly 20% do not routinely check for contraindications. Pharmacists with 11-15 years of experience were significantly more willing to contact physicians than those with 1-5 years of experience, while no difference was observed in the other groups (6-11, 16-20, >20 years). Results indicate that neither gender nor education level significantly influences pharmacists' professional activities. The effect of work experience observed in specific subgroups warrants further investigation to determine whether it reflects a genuine need for additional support of younger pharmacists.
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