2025, Tem. zased. III - Zdravstvena zaštita i reprodukcija domaćih životinja u cilju očuvanja agrobiodiverziteta, autohtonih rasa specifičnosti i problemi, pp. 67-79
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Biosigurnosne mere kao faktor prevencije slinavke i šapa u pašnom uzgoju stoke
Biosecurity measures as a preventive factor for foot-and-mouth disease in pasture-based livestock production
Project: Ministarstvo nauke, tehnološkog razvoja i inovacija Republike Srbije (institucija: Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet veterinarske medicine) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200143)
Ključne reči: foot-and-mouth disease; pastures; biosecurity; cloven-hoofed animals
Abstract
Slinavka i šap (FMD - Foot and Mouth Disease) predstavlja jednu od najkontagioznijih virusnih bolesti domaćih i divljih papkara, sa ozbiljnim ekonomskim posledicama po stočarsku proizvodnju i međunarodnu trgovinu. Iako ne ugrožava ljudsko zdravlje, prisustvo virusa na teritoriji neke zemlje zahteva momentalne i stroge mere kontrole, uključujući eutanaziju zaraženih životinja i obustavu prometa. Poseban izazov u prevenciji i suzbijanju bolesti predstavljaju ekstenzivni sistemi uzgoja, naročito pašnjaci, gde slobodno kretanje stoke, potencijalni kontakt sa divljim životinjama i otežana primena biosigurnosnih mera doprinose širenju infekcije. U radu se analiziraju faktori koji doprinose opstanku i širenju virusa u ovakvim uslovima, uključujući klimatske uslove, prisustvo organske materije, pre svega izmeta, urina i leševa uginulih životinja na pašnjacima. Poseban akcenat stavljen je na ulogu divljih životinja kao rezervoara i prenosioca virusa, kao i na značaj pravilnog upravljanja pojilima i hranilištima. Prikazane su preporuke za operativne i fizičke biosigurnosne mere koje se mogu primeniti na pašnjacima, uključujući ograničenje kontakta sa drugim stadima, izolaciju sumnjivih jedinki, dezinfekciju i kontrolu pristupa. Naglašena je važnost pisanih biosigurnosnih protokola i edukacije stočara, kao i potreba za periodima odmora pašnjaka u slučaju potvrđenog prisustva virusa. Cilj rada je pružanje širokog uvida u biosigurnosne izazove koje nosi pašnjački uzgoj i doprinos definisanju efikasnih strategija za kontrolu slinavke i šapa u Srbiji.
Sažetak
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is one of the most highly contagious viral diseases affecting domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals, with serious economic consequences for livestock production and international trade. Although it does not pose a threat to human health, the presence of the virus within a country necessitates immediate and stringent control measures, including the culling of infected animals and suspension of animal movement. Extensive livestock production systems, particularly pasture-based farming, pose a distinct challenge to the prevention and control of the disease, as free movement of animals, potential contact with wildlife, and difficulties in implementing biosecurity measures contribute to the spread of infection. This paper analyzes factors contributing to the persistence and dissemination of the virus under such conditions, including climatic factors, the presence of organic matter, feces, urine, and carcasses of dead animals on pastures. Special emphasis is placed on the role of wild animals as reservoirs and vectors of the virus, as well as the importance of proper management of watering and feeding sites. Recommendations are presented for operational and physical biosecurity measures applicable to pasture environments, including limiting contact with other herds, isolating suspected cases, disinfecting equipment, and controlling access. The importance of written biosecurity protocols and farmer education is emphasized, along with the need for pasture rest periods in cases of confirmed virus presence. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biosecurity challenges associated with pasture-based livestock systems and to contribute to the development of more effective strategies for controlling FMD in Serbia.
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