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Savremeni načini prezentovanja planskih rešenja pomoću GIS-a
Contemporary methods of presenting planning solutions using GIS
Abstract
Razvoj gradova i gradskih sredina u Srbiji poslednjih godina se zasniva na krupnim projektima transformacije nedovoljno uređenih, napuštenih, devastiranih ili praznih lokacija, naročito u velikim gradovima. Ovakav trend razvoja gradova, iako direktno prostorno ograničen na određene lokacije u gradu, ima mnogo šire posledice za grad i stanovnike koji u njemu žive, a koje se ogledaju u promenama kvaliteta života i životne sredine u gradovima, saobraćaju, pristupačnosti stanovanja, kulturnom i vizuelnom identitetu grada itd. Pored toga, savremeni procesi u razvoju gradova, kojima svedočimo karakterišu se oslabljenim planskim procesom i odsustvom strateškog i dugoročnog planiranja budućeg razvoja, koje je zamenjeno parcijalnim planiranjem i projektovanjem. Neželjene posledice ovakvog načina planiranja i upravljanja razvojem su uzurpacija i zloupotreba javnog prostora i javnog interesa, zloupotreba planiranja i planova kao instrumenata za sprovođenje privatnog i ostalih interesa, zajedno sa nedostatkom transparentnosti, demokratičnosti i participacije građana, koje bi osiguravale legitimitet predloženih planskih i projektnih rešenja. Sa druge strane, razvojem informacionih tehnologija, otvara se mnoštvo mogućnosti za efi kasnije i uspešnije upravljanje urbanim razvojem. S tim u vezi, razvoj gradova se fokusira na ubrzanu digitalizaciju u raznim razvojnim oblastima, pa tako i u oblasti urbanog razvoja i planiranja budućeg razvoja grada. U takvoj atmosferi, gde se sa jedne strane nalaze pritisak privatnog interesa i krupnog kapitala na sistem planiranja u Srbiji, a sa druge težnja da se društvo modernizuje i digitalizuje, postavlja se pitanje kako savremeni alati informacione tehnologije, prvenstveno GIS može pomoći u prevazilaženju problema sa kojima se susreće urbanistička i planerska praksa danas. U ovom radu biće predstavljena platforma bazirana na Web GIS tehnologiji i mogućnosti njene primene u upravljaju prostornim razvojem. Na konkretnom primeru, biće prikazano kako GIS može pomoći da se rešenja prostornih i urbanističkih planova prikažu u prostornom kontekstu, adekvatno vizuelizuju i iskomuniciraju sa što širom javnošću, a sve u svrhu povećanja transparentnosti i smanjenja zloupotreba planskih rešenja i planskih procesa.
Sažetak
In recent years, the development of cities and urban areas in Serbia has been based on large-scale projects aimed at transforming inadequately regulated, abandoned, devastated, or empty locations, especially in major cities. This trend, although directly spatially focused to certain locations within the city, has much broader consequences for the city and its inhabitants, reflected in changes in the quality of life and the environment in cities, traffic, housing accessibility, cultural and visual identity of the city, etc. Additionally, contemporary processes in urban development, characterized by weakened planning processes and the absence of strategic and long-term planning for future development, have been replaced by partial planning and project design. Characteristics of this planning and development management approach include the usurpation and misuse of public space and public interest, abuse of planning and plans as instruments for implementing private and other interests, along with a lack of transparency, democracy, and citizen participation, which would ensure the legitimacy of proposed planning and project solutions. On the other hand, with the development of information technologies, numerous opportunities arise for more efficient and successful urban development management. In this regard, city development focuses on accelerated digitalization in various development areas, including urban development and future city planning. In such an atmosphere, where pressure from private interests and large capital on the planning system in Serbia exists on one hand, and the desire to modernize and digitize society on the other, the question arises of how modern information technology tools, primarily GIS, can help overcome the problems facing urban planning practice today. This paper will present a platform based on Web GIS technology and the possibilities of its application in spatial development management. Using a specific example, it will demonstrate how GIS can help present spatial and urban planning solutions in a spatial context, adequately visualize them, and communicate them to a wider audience, all for the purpose of increasing transparency and reducing misuse of planning solutions and processes.
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