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Osvrt na istraživanja slobodnog vremena učenika i uloga škole u promovisanju zdravog načina života i učešća u različitim vidovim izbornih sportova i aktivnosti u prirodi
A review of students' free time activities and the role of the school in promoting an healthy lifestyle and participation in various types of elective sports and outdoor activities
aUniverzitet u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, Fakultet za sport i fizičko vaspitanje, Leposavić, Srbija bPalacky University in Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Olomouc, Czech Republic cUniverzitet u Nišu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Srbija
Ključne reči: izborne aktivnosti; školski sport; zdrav način života; slobodno vreme učenika
Keywords: elective activities; school sports; healthy lifestyle; students' free time
Sažetak
Neaktivni život i gojaznost u svim starosnim, socijalnim, etničkim i ekonomskim kategorijama dostigli su razmere epidemije, pre svega, u svim visoko razvijenim zemljama sveta. Neke studije ukazuju da bi školski i omladinski sport mogao biti jedini odgovor na epidemiju gojaznosti. Literatura o preprekama za učešće mladih u sportu i visoka stopa napuštanja modela školskog sporta ukazuje da bi više inkluzivnog pristupa i raznovrsnije sportske ponude mladima mogao biti efikasan način u privlačenju i zadržavanju dece u sportskim programima. Unutar škole, vannastavne aktivnosti i izborni sportovi treba da budu dopuna redovnoj nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja, kao što je to bila praksa ranije. Svu decu, bez obzira na nivo fizičkih sposobnosti, talenta i savladanosti sportskih veština, treba podsticati da se samoinicijativno oprobaju u nizu različitih aktivnosti koje su zabavne i doprinose opredeljenju za dugotrajno bavljenje i unapređenje fizičkog fitnesa. Specifični ciljevi unutar školskih programa, treba da ostvare sledeće zadatke: Stvaranje mogućnosti učešća u školskim sportskim sekcijama, ili na drugačiji način organizovanim aktivnostima u prirodi; Obavljanje aktivnosti u adekvatnoj i profesionalno nadziranoj životnoj sredini; Negovanje želje za nadmetanjem, uz istovremeno uživanje u međusobnom druženju, negovanje "fer pleja", poštovanje suigrača i protivnika u igri i formiranje timskiog duha; Uspostaviti programe i modele aktivnosti koji zadovoljava potrebe i interese većine učenika; Unapređenje socijalne interakcije i smanjenje konflikata među učenicima i sprečavanje vršnjačkog nasilja; Pružanje prilika za učešće po principu koji je dostupan svima, bez prethodne selekcije; Pružanje mogućnost učenicima da se oprobaju u različitim oblicima aktivnosti, radi unapređenja njihovog psihofizičkog razvoja, emotivnog i društvenog živoa, formiranju zdravog životnog stilu i pravilnom korišćenje slobodng vremena.
Abstract
Inactive life and obesity in all age, social, ethnic and economic categories have reached epidemic proportions, above all, in all highly developed countries of the world. Some studies suggest that school and youth sports may be the only answer to the obesity epidemic. The literature on barriers to youth participation in sports and the high dropout rate of the school sports model indicates that a more inclusive approach and a more diverse youth sports offer could be an effective way to attract and retain children in sports programs. Within the school, extracurricular activities and optional sports should complement regular physical education classes, as was the practice before. All children, regardless of their level of physical abilities, talent and mastery of sports skills, should be encouraged to try themselves on their own initiative in a series of different activities that are fun and contribute to long-term engagement and improvement of physical fitness. Specific goals within school programs should achieve the following tasks: Creation of opportunities to participate in school sports sections, or in a different way organized activities in nature; Carrying out activities in an adequate and professionally supervised environment; Cultivating the desire to compete, while at the same time enjoying mutual company, fostering "fair play", respecting teammates and opponents in the game and forming a team spirit; Establish programs and activity models that meet the needs and interests of the majority of students; Improvement of social interaction and reduction of conflicts among students and prevention of peer violence; Providing opportunities for participation on a principle that is available to everyone, without prior selection; Providing students with the opportunity to try different forms of activities, in order to improve their psychophysical development, emotional and social life, to form a healthy lifestyle and to use their free time properly.
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