Subsidence represents one of the most complex and debated issues in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. It can significantly impact the environment and endanger the stability of surface and subsurface structures and infrastructure. Reliable prediction methods are therefore essential to mitigate the adverse effects of mining-induced subsidence. This paper examines the mechanisms of mining subsidence and outlines different excavation-induced forms, with emphasis on trough and sinkhole subsidence. The key factors influencing subsidence above underground workings are briefly reviewed. Finally, several case studies of sinkhole subsidence worldwide are presented to highlight the scale and significance of the problem.