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Primena biosigurnosnih mera na farmama preživara
Implementation of biosecurity measures in ruminants farms
aUniverzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija bNaučni institut za veterinarstvo 'Novi Sad', Novi Sad, Srbija cNaučni institut za veterinarstvo Srbije, Beograd, Srbija dSs. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia eGhent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Merelbeke, Belgium
email: baxton@agrif.bg.ac.rs
Project: This publication is based on work from COST action CA20103, "Biosecurity enhanced through training evaluation and raising awareness (BETTER)," supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
Abstract
Biosigurnost je rezultat svih aktivnosti koje su osmišljene ne samo da spreče unošenje i širenje zaraznih bolesti unutar i između stada, već i da doprinesu javnom zdravlju i bezbednosti hrane. Iako stručnjaci i vladine agencije preporučuju primenu biosigurnosnih praksi na farmama mlečnih i tovnih goveda i ovaca, čini se da je njihova upotreba ograničena. eđu odgajivačima postoji ozbiljan nedostatak obuke i, shodno tome, prilično nizak nivo svesti o rizicima biološke bezbednosti. Oni su svesni neophodnosti dobrog zdravlja životinja, ali uglavnom misle o endemičnim bolestima poput mastitisa, poremećaja kandži, problema sa varenjem itd.). Čini se da odgajivači nisu svesni rizika od zaraznih bolesti, pa bi ih trebalo upoznati sa načinima širenja patogenih uzročnika i ulaznim vratima infekcije kod jedinki i populacija. išljenje farmera je da bi vlada trebalo da ima veći doprinos u biosigurnost i; veterinari kao glavnu prepreku vide sposobnost ili spremnost svojih klijenata da ulažu u biosigurnosne mere. Zato bi dodatni dokazi o efikasnosti i/ili potencijalnoj koristi od predloženih mera biosigurnosti na farmi trebalo da budu bolje prikazani. o bi obezbedilo solidnu osnovu za terenske veterinare i njihove organizacije da budu proaktivniji u promovisanju i širenju informacija o biosigurnosti, i u direktnom kontaktu sa farmerima, tako i u organizovanju obuke. Ovu važnu ulogu treba ostvariti u saradnji sa udruženjima poljoprivrednika i veterinarskim vlastima. ravni okvir može biti od pomoći, kao i podsticajne mere za one koji aktivno i uspešno prihvataju koncept biosigurnost i u svom radu. U mnogim slučajevima postoje problemi u vezi sa primenom biosigurnosnim procedurama, posebno u kontroli kretanja ljudi, životinja, vozila i opreme. ostupci se moraju izvoditi mnogo upornije i odgovornije, posebno tokom leta, kada poljski radovi oduzimaju mnogo vremena poljoprivrednicima. ostupci biosigurnosne zaštite moraju biti ozbiljniji i određeni kao približavanje objektu zaštite.
Sažetak
Biosecurity is the result of all activities designed not only to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious diseases within and between herds, but ultimately to contribute to public health and food safety. Although experts and government agencies recommend the implementation of biosecurity practises on dairy, beef and sheep farms, their use appears to be limited. There is serious lack of training and consequently, rather low level of awareness of biosecurity risks among farmers. They are aware of necessity of good health of animals, but they mostly think of endemic diseases like mastitis, claws disorders, digestive problems, etc.). It seems that they are not aware of contagious disease risks, so pathogens models of spreading and entrance doors in to individual animal or population have to be pointed out. Farmers' opinion is that the government should have a greater input into biosecurity; veterinarians saw the ability or willingness of their clients to invest in biosecurity measures as a major barrier. Therefore, additional evidence of the effectiveness and/or potential economic benefits of proposed on-farm biosecurity measures have be better demonstrated. That would give a solid base for field veterinarians and their organisations to be more proactive in promotion and spreading of information on biosecurity, in both direct contact with farmers and organized training. This important role should be fulfilled in cooperation with farmers associations and veterinary authorities. A legal framework can be helpful, as well as stimulating measures for those who actively and successfully embrace biosecurity concept in their work. In many cases there are problems regarding biosecurity procedures application, particularly in control of movement of humans, animals, vehicles and equipment. Procedures have to be performed much more persistent and in responsible manner, particularly during summer, when field works take a lot of farmers' time. Biosecurity procedures must be more serious and determined as approaching to the object of protection.
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