2024, Izazovi prostornog i urbanistickog planiranja lokalnog nivoa - novi horizonti, str. 397-406
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Razvoj nuklearne energetike u Evropskoj uniji i geografske determinante planiranja lokacije nuklearne energetske infrastrukture u Srbiji
Development of nuclear energy in the European Union and geographical determinants of planning the location of nuclear energy infrastructures in Serbia
Sažetak
Danas kada je tradicionalna energetika ušla u fazu "ekološkog kočenja" i dekarbonizacije energetskih tehnologija, dolazi do tranzicije obnovljivih izvora i "nuklearne renesanse". U vezi s tim i u Srbiji se pojavljuje "nuklearna dilema". Posle pitanja da li graditi nuklearku, pitanje lokacije - gde graditi nuklearku, jedno je od najznačajnijih kada je reč o njenom uklapanju u fi zičko okruženje i socijalnu sredinu, i kao takvo spada u krug interesovanja prostornih planera. Planiranje izbora lokacije nuklearne elektrane zahteva svestrano naučno istraživanje pojedinih aspekata i kriterijuma (ekonomskih, tehničkih, ekoloških i drugih. Svrha takvih istraživanja je da identifi kuju moguće pretnje po bezbednost objekta u datoj oblasti, kao i da utvrde stepen uticaja na životnu sredinu. Rezultati istraživanja lokacije, nalaze svoj odraz u pripremi zakonskih i podzakonskih akata kao i planskih, strateških i drugih dokumenata i političkih odluka, koji prethode izgradnji takvih objekata. Zbog toga u orijentacionom izboru tehnologije i mesta gradnje atomske centrale, učestvuju specijalisti u širokom spektru disciplina, među kojima prostorni planeri imaju sinteznu ulogu i značaj, kao i državni organi različitog teritorijalnog nivoa koji su u vezi s poslovima prostornog planiranja i regionalne politike. Geografi i prostorni planeri koji su eksperti u oblasti lokacijskih studija, treba od početka da budu uključeni u timove za pripremu propisa i izveštaja o lokaciji, koji moraju biti usklađeni sa preporukama Međunarodne agencije za atomsku energiju (IAEA).
Abstract
Today, when traditional energy has entered the phase of "ecological braking" and decarbonization of energy technologies, there is a transition of renewable sources and a "nuclear renaissance". In this regard, a "nuclear dilemma" appears in Serbia as well. After the question of whether to build a nuclear power plant, the question of location - where to build a nuclear power plant - is one of the most important when it comes to its fi t into the physical environment and social environment, and as such belongs to the circle of interest of spatial planners. Planning the choice of the location of a nuclear power plant requires a comprehensive scientific investigation of certain aspects and criteria (economic, technical, environmental, etc.). The purpose of such surveys is to identify possible threats to the safety of a facility in a given area, as well as to determine the degree of environmental impact. The results of the location research are reflected in the preparation of laws and bylaws, as well as planning, strategic and other documents and political decisions, which precede the construction of such facilities. Therefore, in the orientation choice of technology and place for the construction of a nuclear power plant, specialists in a wide range of disciplines participate, among which spatial planners have a synthetic role and importance, as well as state authorities of different territorial levels related to spatial planning and regional policy. Geographers and spatial planners, who are experts in the field of site studies, should be involved from the outset in the teams for the preparation of the location regulations and reports, which must be in line with the recommendations of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
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