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Mogućnosti i izazovi transgranične saradnje u oblasti zaštite prirode Srbije
Opportunities and challenges of cross-border cooperation in the field of nature conservation of Serbia
Ključne reči: upravljanje zaštitom prirode; ekološki koridori i mreže; transgranična zaštićena područja; lokalne zajednice
Keywords: nature conservation management; ecological corridors and networks; transboundary protected areas; local communities
Sažetak
Uspešan proces zaštite prirode zahteva integralno sagledavanje ne samo recentnog in situ statusa prirodnih vrednosti (biodiverziteta, geodiverziteta i diverziteta predela), već i procene kvaliteta njihovog budućeg stanja koje će biti ostvareno kroz proces upravljanja. Kompleksnost ovog procesa postaje još značajnija ukoliko su prirodne vrednosti locirane u pograničnim područjima. Dobrobiti ostvarene kroz efi kasnu transgraničnu saradnju u oblasti zaštite prirode su višestruke, odnosno one su ekološke, ekonomske, kulturološke, a ne tako retko i političke. Brojne izazove koji potiču ne samo od različitih legislativnih i institucionalnih okvira koji odlikuju oblast zaštite prirode Srbije i država u njenom najbližem okruženju, moguće je prevazići zahvaljujući formiranju ekoloških koridora i mreža, trangraničnih zaštićenih područja (npr. UNESCO Rezervat biosfere Mura - Drava - Dunav) i sl. Ipak, prisutni su i primeri još uvek nedovoljno realizovane i u opštoj javnosti afi rmisane transgranične saradnje u oblasti zaštiti prirode na primeru Stare planine, nacionalnih parkova u srednjem toku Drine i dr. Dok traje proces prevazilaženja formalnih ograničenja, mogućnosti transgranične saradnje ipak nisu zatvorene za entuzijastične lokalne zajednice i njihove inicijative.
Abstract
A successful process of nature protection requires an integral assessment of not only the recent in situ status of natural values (biodiversity, geodiversity and landscape diversity), but also an assessment of the quality of their future state that will be achieved through the management process. The complexity of this process becomes even more significant if natural values are located in border areas. The benefits achieved through effective cross-border cooperation in the field of nature protection are multiple, i.e. they are ecological, economic, cultural, and not that rare, political. Numerous challenges stemming not only from the various legislative and institutional frameworks that characterize the field of nature protection in Serbia and the countries in its immediate vicinity, can be overcome thanks to the designation of ecological corridors and networks, transboundary protected areas (e.g. the UNESCO Mura-Drava-Danube Biosphere Reserve) etc. Nevertheless, there are also examples of cross-border cooperation in the fi eld of nature protection that are still insuffi ciently realized and affi rmed in the general public, as for example Stara Planina, national parks in the middle part of the Drina river etc. While the process of overcoming formal restrictions continues, the possibilities of cross-border cooperation are still not closed to enthusiastic local communities and their initiatives.
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