2024 I, I Upravljanje prirodnim uslovima i procesima, pp. 142-150
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A possible application of multispectral analyzes for the protection of forest ecosystems in Fruska gora National Park
Moguća primena multispektralnih analiza u zaštiti šumskih ekosistema NP Fruška gora
Keywords: Fruska gora National Park; vegetation indices; NDVI; NDRE; NDMI; multispectral analysis
Ključne reči: NP Fruška gora; vegetacioni indeksi; NDVI; NDRE; NDMI; multispektralne analize
Abstract
Open satellite data enable a comprehensive multispectral analysis of vegetation worldwide. The importance of these analyzes is particularly emphasized in the area of large and impassable forests. Due to the vulnerability of forest ecosystems as a result of climate change, multispectral analysis will make a crucial contribution to proper forest management in the event of drought and to reducing the risk of forest fi res. In the Fruska gora National Park among more than 20 forest communities, there is a community of sessile oak and hornbeam with butcher's broom (Rusco-Querco-Carpinetum), as well as mountain beech forests with lime (Tilia-fagetum submontanum) of high value, and their protection should be a high priority, while multispectral analysis can improve their monitoring and support forest managers in decision-making. In this paper we use multispectral data collected by the Sentinel-2 satellite and downloaded from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem Service. NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDRE - Normalized Differenece Red Edge Vegetation Index and NDMI - Normalized Difference Moisture Index of the Fruska gora National Park area are calculated in the open software Q-gis in 10 meter and 20 meter spatial resolution for specific days selected according to the degree of cloud cover at the time of satellite observations and other meteorological conditions. All three indices are based on the values of the red, red edge, shortwave infrared and infrared spectra. The values of the indices depend on the vegetation conditions. Higher values indicate better vegetation condition, lower values indicate drought, which could be the result of dry periods, pest and disease outbreaks or certain phenological events in certain seasons. Low values could also indicate deforestation or dieback due to forest fires. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the variability of vegetation indices as a consequence of precipitation and air temperature changes. The observation period extends from 2017 to 2022.
Sažetak
Otvoreni satelitski podaci su omogućili širu primenu multispektralnih analiza u praćenju stanja vegetacije. Značaj ovakvih analiza u zaštiti šumskih ekosistema je posebno izražen kod neprohodnih ili šuma velike površine, a u budućnosti zbog sve veće ranjivosti šuma zbog klimatskih promena će zauzeti važnu ulogu i doprineti pravovremenom reagovanju u slučaju sušenja ili povećanog rizika od požara. U NP Fruška gora se između više od 20 šumskih zajednica, nalaze zajednica kitnjaka i graba sa kostrikom (Rusco-Querco-Carpinetum), kao i šume brdske bukve i lipe izuzetne vrednosti (Tilia-fagetum submontanum) i njihova zaštita treba da bude prioritetan cilj, a multispektralne analize mogu omogućiti praćenje stanja i doprineti pravovremenoj reakciji i donošenju ispravnih odluka u upravljanju šumskim ekosistemima. U radu su korišćeni indeksi dobijeni na osnovu multispektralnih podataka Sentinel 2 satelita preuzetih preko Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem platforme. NDVI - Normalized Diff erence Vegetation Index, NDRE - Normalized Diff erenece Red Edge Vegetation Index i NDMI - Normalized Diff erence Moisture Index su izračunati pomoću Q-gis softvera za prostor Nacionalnog parka Fruška gora u desetometarskoj ili dvadesetometarskoj rezoluciji za specifične datume odabrane na osnovu oblačnosti u momentu snimanja terena, ali i drugih meteoroloških uslova. Sva tri indeksa su bazirana na vrednostima refleksije crvenog, graničnog crvenog, infracrvenog i kratkotalasnog infracrvenog dela spektra. Vrednosti indeksa se menjaju u zavisnosti od stanja vegetacije, a više vrednosti ukazuju na zdraviju vegetaciju, a niže na sušenje koje može biti posledica perioda suše, invazije štetočina ili bolesti, kao i nastupanja naredne fenološke faze u zavisnosti od godišnjeg doba. Niže vrednosti mogu ukazivati i na deforestaciju ili šumski požar. Cilj rada je ispitivanje promenljivosti vegetacionih indeksa sa promenom količine padavina i temperature vazduha. Osmatrani period je između 2017. i 2022. godine.
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