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Redox-dependent metabolic alterations underlying chemosensitivity in HL-60 and K562 leukemia cells
aInstitute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
bUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Toxicological Chemistry, Serbia + University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Mother and Child Health Care 'dr Vukan Čupić', Serbia
cUniversity of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
dUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Serbia
eUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Toxicological Chemistry, Serbia

emailana.djuric@ncrc.ac.rs
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has long been recognized as a central driver of malignant transformation and progression. In leukemia, disrupted redox balance and metabolic reprogramming critically shape cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, while also influencing response to therapy. An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over the antioxidant defense system (AOS) not only promotes leukemogenesis but also contributes to the cytotoxic activity of many chemotherapeutics. In this study, we investigated the effects of two drugs, busulfan and melphalan, used as conditioning therapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, on OS and metabolism in HL-60 (promyelocytic) and K562 (erythroleukemic) cell lines, two different in vitro models with distinct metabolic profiles. In multiple myeloma cells, melphalan has been reported to induce ROS production, deplete glutathione (GSH), enhance protein and lipid oxidation, and activate the Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf-2)-mediated antioxidant response, underscoring its impact on redox regulation. Here, we compared basal redox markers in HL-60 and K562 cells and assessed how busulfan and melphalan modulate ROS generation and cytotoxicity. Importantly, we complemented these analyses with metabolomic profiling to capture drug-induced changes in key metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, amino acid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Our results indicate that chemotherapy leads to redox imbalance and metabolic remodeling in leukemia cell models, representing potential biomarkers of chemosensitivity that can be exploited to develop improved therapeutic strategies for myeloid leukemias.

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article language: Serbian, English
document type: Lecture
DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm-61825
published in Portal: 28/10/2025
Creative Commons License 4.0

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