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Tragična sudbina Stare mileševske riznice
The tragic fate of the old Mileševa treasury
Ključne reči: Riznica; Mileševska riznica; bogoslužbeni predmeti; ručni krstovi; diskosi; panagije; darohranilnice; kadionice; relikvijari; gorski kristal; plaštanice; aeri; epitrahilji; itd.
Keywords: Treasury; Mileševa treasury; Eucharist's objects; Processional crosses; Diskos; Panagia; Tabernacle; Thurible; Reliquary; Bergkristall; Epitaphios; Aër; Epitrachelion; etc.
Sažetak
Nova mileševska riznica u obnovljenom hramu, samo je jedan od povoda za podsećanje na sudbinu Stare mileševske riznice čiji se rasuti delovi odavno nalaze u drugim manastirima. Predmeti za koje se sa velikim stepenom pouzdanosti može tvrditi da su nekada pripadali Mileševi, za razliku od manje poznatih, nisu obavijeni patinom zaborava. Zapisi i posvete sa njih, neoborivo su svedočanstvo duhovne pripadnosti i trajanja. Međutim, znatno je teža sudbina dragocenosti za koje se pretpostavlja da su nekada pripadale mileševskoj Lavri i koje su u nekom periodu privremeno sklonjene, zaveštane a vremenom postale sastavni delovi riznica drugih svetilišta. Oskudni podaci o njima često se pretaču u predanja koja su na granici mogućeg i moraju se razmatrati sa velikom rezervom. Tim pre, jer su crkveni predmeti postali neotuđivi delovi novih riznica a u nekim slučajevima, sa novim natpisima i posvetama koji, naizgled, bolje od drugih podataka svedoče o posvećenosti drugom manastiru. Strah od mogućeg povraćaja bogoslužbenih predmeta i crkvenih knjiga u matična sedišta, vremenom je postao velika prepreka u sagledavanju stvarnog stanja. Ima indicija da su na nekim predmetima brisani zapisi ili su ispisivani novi, koji treba da odagnaju sumnje u tuđe vlasništvo i znatno veću starost. Ipak, najteže je prihvatiti saznanje da su brojne mileševske dragocenosti o kojima ima zapisa, podataka i svedočenja, trajno nestale u usudima prohujalih vremena. Mnoge su rasprodate, poklonjene, a neki predmeti od zlata i srebra, izgleda da su u poznijim vremenima pretopljeni, kada je nedostatak novčanih sredstava za vođenje ratova, dekretima obavezivao manastirska bratstva da delove riznica poklone u korist vladarske krune i njihovih ratnih ambicija.
Abstract
The new Mileševa Treasury in the renovated temple is just one of the reasons to recall the fate of the Old Mileševa Treasury, of which the scattered parts have long been relocated in other monasteries. The objects that can be claimed with a high degree of certainty to have once belonged to Mileševa, unlike the lesser-known ones, are not covered in the patina of oblivion. The inscriptions and dedications on them are irrefutable testimony to spiritual belonging and duration. However, the fate of the valuables that are assumed to have once belonged to the Mileševa Lavra and which were temporarily removed, bequeathed, and over time became integral parts of the treasuries of other sanctuaries is much more difficult. The scarce information about them is often transformed into legends that verge on the possible and must be considered with great reserve. Especially since church objects have become inalienable parts of new treasuries, and in some cases, with new inscriptions and dedications that, seemingly, testify better than other data to the dedication to another monastery. The fear of the possible return of liturgical objects and church books to their original places has, over time, become a major obstacle to understanding the real situation. There are indications that records have been erased on some objects or new ones have been written, which are intended to dispel doubts about someone else's ownership and a significantly greater age. However, the most difficult thing to accept is the knowledge that numerous Mileševa valuables about which there are records, data, and testimonies, have permanently disappeared in the fates of bygone times. Many were sold, donated, and some objects made of gold and silver were apparently melted down in later times, when the lack of funds for waging wars obliged the monastery brotherhoods to donate parts of their treasuries to the benefit of the ruling crown and their war ambitions.
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