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Kako radikalna Urbana transformacija menja urbane simbole Beograda?
How does radical urban transformation change the urban symbols of Belgrade?
Projekat: Ministarstvo nauke, tehnološkog razvoja i inovacija Republike Srbije (institucija: Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200163)
Ključne reči: Urbana promena; džentrifikacija; simboli grada; Beograd
Sažetak
Identitet grada zasniva se na heterogenom skupu elemenata, među kojima materijalni simbolizam zauzima važno mesto, pošto je on osnova vizuelnog prikaza i siluete grada. Nasova tipologija simbolizma je modifikovana za analizu gradova srednje veličine u Srbiji, a zatim primenjena za ispitivanje urbanog identiteta Beograda. U Beogradu se u poslednjih petnaest godina započeto je više stambenih projekata od kojih se izdvaja projekat Beograd na vodi / Belgrade Waterfront Project (BWP) jer je radikalno transformisao postojeću urbanu strukturu džentrifikujući veliko područje u centralnom delu grada. U radu se analizira percepcija urbanih promena i njihov uticaj na identitet grada Beograda na osnovu tri empirijska istraživanja koja je sproveo Institut za sociološka istraživanja u periodu od 2018. do 2024. godine. Nalaz prvog kvalitativnog istraživanja (2018/19) pokazuje da se pozitivno vrednuje da Beograd nije standardizovana turistička lokacija. U tom periodu BWP je u prvoj fazi izgradnje. U drugom online istraživanju (2021), pripadnici akademeske zajednice u Beogradu kritikuju komercijalizaciju gradskog prostora i pravac njegovog razvoja. Treće online istraživanje (2024) obuhvata studentsku populaciju, za koju se pretpostavilo da ima pozitivniji stav prema savremenim urbanim promenama. Međutim, navedena pretpostavka nije potvrđena, naime studenti društveno-humanističkih nauka ne prepoznaju i ne prihvataju BWP kao simbol grada.
Abstract
A city's identity is based on a heterogeneous set of elements, among which material symbolism is very important since it is the basis of the visual representation and the city's silhouette. Nas's typology of symbolism was modified for the analysis of medium-sized cities in Serbia and then applied to examine the urban identity of Belgrade. In the last fifteen years, several housing projects have been started in Belgrade, and the Belgrade Waterfront Project (BWP) stands out because it radically transformed the existing urban structure by gentrifying a large centrally located area in the city. The paper's main aim is to analyze the perception of urban change and its impact on the city's identities based on three empirical studies conducted from 2018 to 2024 by the Institute for Sociological Research. Findings based on the first qualitative research (2018/19) show that Belgrade is positively evaluated as not a standardized tourist location. During that period, BWP was in the first phase of construction. In the second online survey (2021), members of the academic community in Belgrade criticize the commercialization of the city space and the direction of its development. The third online survey (2024) includes the student population, which was assumed to have a more positive attitude towards contemporary urban changes. However, this hypothesis was not confirmed. Namely, social science and humanities students don't recognize and don't accept BWP as a symbol of the city.
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