|
Insekticidi uvedeni u praksu krajem dvadesetog i početkom dvadeset prvog veka
Insecticides introduced in practice at the end of the twenties and the beginning twenty-first century
aUniverzitet Singidunum, Fakultet za primenjenu ekologiju - Futura, Beograd, Srbija bUniverzitet u Sarajevu, Veterinarski fakultet, Bosna i Hercegovina cSveučilište u Zagrebu, Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb, R. Hrvatska dUniverzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Srbija
e-adresa: vitomir.cupic@futura.edu.rs
Sažetak
Otkrićem i uvođenjem u praksu raznih supstancija koji deluju štetno na insekte, poznatih pod imenom insekticidi, nesumnjivo su ostvareni veliki, a moglo bi se reći i grandiozni rezultati u zaštiti ljudi, životinja i biljaka od brojnih insekata. Kao što je poznato, njihovom primenom su iskorenjene određene zarazne bolesti, olakšano je suzbijanje i lečenje ektoparazitoza kod ljudi i životinja, te je unapređena i povećana poljoprivredna proizvodnja. U cilju povećanja poljoprivredne proizvodnje danas se u svetu na godišnjem nivou koristi velika količina (milioni tona) ovih sredstava. Ovo pre svega iz razloga što je prevladalo mišljenje da je poljoprivredna proizvodnja postala praktično nemoguća bez primene insekticida, ali i drugih pesticida. Upravo navedene činjenice, odnosno ovakva primena insekticida, koja je često i neracionalna, izaziva sve veću zabrinutost. Pored sve većeg razvoja rezistencije, a time i smanjenja efikasnosti insekticida, postoji sve veća zabrinutost i za zagađenje životne sredine. Nisu retki slučajevi svuda, pa i kod nas u našoj zemlji, da stradaju neciljni insekti, odnosno korisni insekti tj. pčele, ali i drugi organizmi u zemljištu i vodi. Cilj ovog rada je upravo da ukaže ne samo na moguće štete neracionalne primene insekticida, već i da se navedu neki od insekticida, koji su se pojavili na tržištu krajem prošlog i početkom ovog veka, te one biljnog porekla kao potencijalne zamene za insekticide, koji se trenutno koriste.
Abstract
The discovery and introduction into practice of various substances that have a harmful effect on insects, known as insecticides, have undoubtedly achieved great, and one might even say grandiose, results in protecting people, animals and plants from numerous insects. As is known, their application eradicated certain infectious diseases, facilitated the suppression and treatment of ectoparasitises in humans and animals, and improved and increased agricultural production. In order to increase agricultural production, a large amount (millions of tons) of these funds are used in the world on an annual basis. This is primarily due to the prevailing opinion that agricultural production has become practically impossible without the use of insecticides and other pesticides. The facts just mentioned, that is, this kind of application of insecticides, which is often irrational, is causing increasing concern. In addition to the increasing development of resistance, and thus the decrease in the effectiveness of insecticides, there is also a growing concern about environmental pollution. There are not rare cases everywhere, even here in our country, that non-target insects, that is beneficial insects, ie. bees, but also other organisms in soil and water. The goal of this paper is to point out not only the possible harms of irrational use of insecticides, but also to list some of the insecticides that appeared on the market at the end of the last and the beginning of this century, and those of plant origin as potential substitutes for insecticides that are currently used.
|