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Dance and movement therapy
Terapija pokretom i plesom
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Pale, Republic of Srpska, B&H
Abstract
Since human prehistory, dance has been used for therapeutic purposes, and on that basis, dance and movement therapy was conceived, which over time developed into a distinct (psycho) therapeutic approach. Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT), sometimes abbreviated as "dance therapy," developed in the 1940s in the USA and reached Europe in the 1970s. Dance therapy is a body-oriented therapy based on the use of dance and movement as a creative process, with the goal of integrating the emotional, cognitive, social, and physical characteristics of each individual, that is, connecting body, mind, and spirit. This type of therapy includes the therapeutic use of movement and psychomotor expression as the main means of analysis and intervention. In addition to focusing on the way of moving and body posture, importance is also given to other nonverbal signs such as breathing, gestures, facial expressions, muscle tone, rhythm of movement, use of space, etc. Dance and movement therapy has proven to be extremely useful for different groups of people and is intended for all ages. This therapy can be performed individually, in pairs, or in groups. Through analysis, we come to the conclusion that this special form of therapy purposefully uses movement and dance for healing and health improvement, and it affects general cognitive functioning, especially memory, enhances nonverbal communication skills, and reduces stress levels, as well as influencing affective processes in people. Spontaneous movement improvisation enables clients to try new ways of being and to experience.
Sažetak
Ples se, od ljudske praistorije koristio u terapijske svrhe te je na toj osnovi koncipirana terapija plesom i
pokretom koja se s vremenom razvila u zasebni (psiho)terapijski pristup. Psihoterapija pokretom i plesom (PPP),
ponekad se skraćeno zove „plesna terapija”, razvila se 40-ih godina u SAD-u, da bi u Evropu stigla 70-ih godina prošlog
vijeka. Plesna terapija je tjelesno orijentisana terapija koja se temelji na primjeni plesa i pokreta kao kreativnog
procesa, a cilj je integrisati emocionalne, kognitivne, socijalne i tjelesne karakteristike svakog pojedinca, odnosno
povezati tijelo, um i duh. Ova vrsta terapije uključuje terapijsko korištenje pokreta i psihomotornu ekspresiju kao
glavni način analize i intervencije. Osim fokusa na način kretanja i tjelesno držanje, važnost se pridaje i drugim
neverbalnim znakovima, kao što su disanje, gestikulacija, mimika, tonus mišića, ritam izvođenja pokreta, način
korištenja prostora i dr. Terapija pokretom i plesom pokazala se izrazito korisna kod različitih grupa ljudi i
namjenjena je svim uzrastima. Ova terapija može se izvoditi individualno, u paru ili grupi. Analizom dolazimo do
zaključka da ovaj poseban oblik terapije ciljano kristi pokret i ples radi izliječenja i unapređenja zdravlja, te djeluje
na opšte kognitivno funkcionisanje, ponajviše pamćenje, poboljšanje neverbalne komunikacijske vještine i smanjenje
nivoa stresa te uticaja na afektivne procese kod ljudi. Spontana improvizacija u pokretu omogućava klijentima
isprobavanje novih načina bivanja i novo iskustvo samog sebe, odnosno razmišljanja i osjećanja.
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