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2022, Muzička pedagogija, str. 89-101
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Značaj horskog pevanja za mentalno blagostanje dece
The importance of choral singing for children's mental well-being
Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu, Fakultet muzičkih umetnosti, Srbija
e-adresa: [email protected]
Ključne reči: horsko pevanja; mentalno blagostanje; deca osnovnoškolskog uzrasta; društvena dobrobit
Sažetak
Cilj istraživanja jeste pokazati koliko je horsko pevanje važno za mentalnu dobrobit dece osnovnoškolskog uzrasta. Teoretska baza ukazuje na to da horsko pevanje poboljšava disanje, posturu i mišićni tonus (Stacy, Brittain & Kerr, 2002); jača imuni sistem, smanjuje stres i anksioznost tako što smanjuje nivo kortizola (Fancourt, Aufegger & Williamon, 2015). Osećaj sreće i zadovoljstva posebno je očigledan nakon aktivnog pevanja u horu (Clift et al., 2007), koje utiče na oslobađanje endorfina (Weinstein et al., 2016) i oksitocina (Keeler et al., 2015). Horsko pevanje podstiče društveno povezivanje (Kreutz, 2014), jača osećaj zajedništva (Welch et al., 2014) i altruizma (Bodkin-Allen et al., 2019). Uzorak se sastoji od: 1) dece osnovnoškolskog uzrasta koja pevaju u horovima (N=86); 2) njihovih roditelja (N=66); 3) dirigenata (N=6) šest dečijih horova iz Beograda, Sremske Mitrovice, Vršca, Kovina i Pančeva. Metodom tri anonimna upitnika za tri grupe ispitanika istražuju se i prikupljaju kvalitativni i kvantitativni podaci o dobrobitima pevanja u horu. Rezultati pokazuju da sve tri grupe ispitanika na prvom mestu ističu društvenu dobrobit pevanja u horu. Deca vole da pevaju u horu zato što se tada osećaju ponosno, opušteno i delom zajednice, kao i zato što im pevanje ulepšava njihove i živote njihovih bližnjih. Nažalost, ustanovljeno je da se u porodici ne peva često, ali i da veliki broj dece ne voli da peva dečije pesme u horu, već one popularne i komercijalne, kao i da je glavni razlog zbog kojeg deca odlučuju da pevaju u horu koncertni solo nastupi. Implikacije su: 1) ustanoviti uticaj koji horsko pevanje ima na koncentraciju nivoa kortizola, dopamina i serotonina kod dece školskog uzrasta (8-14 godina) pre i nakon horskog pevanja; 2) uticati na to da se u sistem osnovnoškolskog obrazovanja i vaspitanja vrati horsko pevanje kao centralna muzička aktivnost i da svaka osnovna škola u Srbiji treba da ima hor; 3) podstaći lokalne zajednice i opštine na osnivanje dečijih horova.
Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of choir singing on mental well-being in primary school children. The sample consists of primary school children as choir members (N=86), their parents (N=66) and conductors (N=6). The method consists of three anonymous questionnaires for all three categories of participants to measure both qualitative and quantitative data concerning how young children benefit from singing in a choir. The results show that all three groups emphasize the social benefit of singing in the choir in the first place. Children like to sing in a choir because it makes them feel honored, relaxed and part of the community, as well as because singing beautifies their lives and the lives of their loved ones. Unfortunately, it was found that the family does not sing often, but also that a large number of children do not like to sing children's songs in the choir, but popular and commercial ones, and that the main reason why children decide to sing in the choir is concert solo performances. The implications are: 1) to establish the influence that choral singing has on the concentration of cortisol, Dopamine and serotonin levels in primary school children (8-14 years) before and after choral singing; 2) to influence the return of choral singing as a central musical activity to the primary school education system and that every primary school in Serbia should have a choir; 3) to encourage local communities and municipalities to establish children's choirs and strengthen choral music opportunities as a starting point for the lifelong benefits of choral singing.
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