The modernisation of agriculture is a crucial factor in promoting rural development, while at the same time triggering various environmental and demographic changes. This paper provides a comparative quantitative assessment of the introduction of modern technologies in Serbian agriculture compared to EU practises, focussing on productivity, demographic trends and environmental indicators. while over 80% of farms in the EU use modern technologies such as GPS navigation, drones and automated systems, the adoption rate in Serbia is significantly lower - only 15% of farms use GPS, 5% drones and 10% automated systems. The data show that average wheat and maize yields in the EU are around 6.0 tonnes/ha and 8.0 tonnes/ha respectively, while in Serbia they remain at 4.5 tonnes/ha and 6.5 tonnes/ha. The cost-benefit analysis illustrates the differences in production efficiency and access to resources. Environmental indicators such as CO2 emissions and pesticide use show that the environmental impact is higher in Serbia. The results emphasise the need for targeted investment, improved education and alignment with EU agricultural policy to promote sustainable rural revitalisation and technological progress.